Abstract
Although several cross-sectional studies have described an inverse association between green tea consumption and depressive symptoms, only one study has prospectively investigated this association. We investigated the cross-sectional and prospective associations between green tea consumption and depressive symptoms in a working population in Japan. Participants were 1987 workers who participated in the baseline survey for a cross-sectional association, and 916 participants who did not have depressive symptoms at baseline who responded to both the baseline and follow-up surveys for a prospective association. Green tea consumption was evaluated with a validated self-administered diet history questionnaire. Depression symptoms were evaluated with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale. Multiple logistic regression was conducted to estimate the odds ratio of depressive symptoms based on green tea consumption. In the cross-sectional analysis, green tea consumption was not associated with the prevalence of depression symptoms. Moreover, consumption at baseline was not associated with depression symptoms after 3 years; the multivariable-adjusted odds ratio of depressive symptoms for ≥2 cups/day of green tea was 1.12 (95% confidence interval 0.65–1.91) compared with <4 cups/week after adjustment for covariates including dietary factors (trend p = 0.67). Our results suggest that there is no association of consumption of green tea with symptoms of depression in Japanese.
Highlights
Depression is a common mental disorder worldwide which affects more than 264 million people [1]
1 Based on the Mantel-Haenszel chi-squared test for categorical variables and linear regression analysis for continuous variables, with ordinal number assigned to category of green tea consumption
For the cross-sectional analysis, green tea consumption was not associated with depressive symptoms: after adjustment for covariates including dietary factors, the multivariable-adjusted odds ratio of depressive symptoms for ≥2 cups/day of green tea was 1.29 (0.96–1.73) compared with
Summary
Depression is a common mental disorder worldwide which affects more than 264 million people [1]. Epidemiological evidence for an association between green tea consumption and depressive symptoms [7,8,9,10,11,12,13], psychological distress [14], or mental health [15] is inconsistent, and only one prospective study has been reported [11]. The Singapore Longitudinal Ageing Study [11] suggested an association between green tea consumption and a decreased risk of depression after a mean of 4 years. A prospective association between consumption and depression symptoms among populations with high green tea consumption, such as Japanese, remains elusive.
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