Green‐synthesized Zinc oxide nanoparticle, an efficient safe anticancer compound for human breast MCF7 cancer cells

Abstract

There are many types of researches investigating anticancer therapeutics for breast cancer therapy. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) as an efficient drug delivery system, has been widely being used in various biomedical applications. In the current study, we synthesized ZnONP applying Rheum rhaponticum Waste (RRW) as a novel bio‐platform to investigate its anticancer impacts on MCF7 breast cancer cells compared with normal Human HFF and HDF cells. In this regard, RRW was triggered to synthesize the ZnONPs. Then, they were characterized by XRD, FTIR, TEM, and SEM analysis. Next, the MCF‐7, HFF, and HDF cell lines were cultured and treated as the following plane: Incubation of all cell lines for 72, 48, and 24 hours at the presence of different ZnONPs doses. Finally, the cell morphology, BCL2‐ BAX genes expression profile and AO/PI‐fluorescent cell staining on the 48‐hour incubated cells were analyzed to check the ZnONP apoptotic activity. Moreover, the ZnONP antioxidant activity was analyzed by a DPPH antioxidant test. We produced the 30 nm ZnONPs which significantly increased the BAX and decreased the BCL‐2 gene expression. According to the results including the Sub G1 enhancement peaks, apoptotic hallmarks, MTT assay, and the AO/PI‐fluorescent stained cells, ZnONPs can specifically induce apoptotic death in MCF7 breast cancer cells compared with normal HFF and HDF cells. The IC50 values of MCF‐7 in 72, 48, and 24 hr were measured at 8, 11, and 12 μg/ml in 72, 48, and 24 hr, respectively. This is while the mentioned values in the normal cells (HFF, HDF) were estimated at higher treatment doses. In conclusion, we suggest that the ZnONPs have the potential to be applied as a safe cell‐specific apoptosis inducer in breast cancer treatment. However, there are many challenges that need to be clarified for applying them as an efficient anticancer agent.