Abstract
Biosynthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) in a cost-effective and eco-friendly way has gained its importance. CuONPs has been prepared from copper sulfate by using Adiantum lunulatum whole plant extract. CuONPs have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic, transmission electron microscope, etc. Mono-disperse, spherical, pure, and highly stable CuONPs have formed with an average diameter of 6.5 ± 1.5 nm. Biosynthesized CuONPs at different concentrations were applied to seeds of Lens culinaris. Physiological characteristics were investigated in the germinated seeds. Roots obtained from the seeds treated with 0.025 mgmL−1 concentration of CuONPs showed highest activity of different defence enzymes and total phenolics. However, at higher concentration it becomes close to control. It showed gradual increase of antioxidative enzymes, in accordance with the increasing dose of CuONPs. Likewise, lipid peroxidation and proline content gradually increased with the increasing concentration. Reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide generation was also altered due to CuONPs treatment indicating stress signal transduction. Finally, this study provides a new approach of the production of valuable CuONPs, is a unique, economical, and handy tool for large scale saleable production which can also be used as a potent plant defence booster instead of other commercial uses.
Highlights
Copper (Cu) is one of the indispensable microelements obligatory for the growth and development of plant
From the extensive characterization it can be stated that the pteridophyte Adiantum lunulatum is very much efficient to produce mono-disperse CuONPs through a nontoxic way
The defence enzyme activity becomes influenced by the application of CuONPs
Summary
Copper (Cu) is one of the indispensable microelements obligatory for the growth and development of plant. It can be present as Cu2+ and Cu+ under natural conditions. In addition to many of its important functions such as cell wall metabolism and protein regulation, it acts as secondary signaling molecule in plant cells. It takes part in the mitochondrial respiration, photosynthetic electron transport, iron mobilization, hormone signaling, oxidative stress response, and acts as cofactor for many enzymes [1,2]. A higher dose of Cu leads to oxidative stress generation, growth inhibition, cellular malfunctioning, and photosynthesis retardation [2,3,4]
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