Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO) has broad applications in various areas. Green synthesis is an alternative to conventional physical and chemical methods. Green synthesis of nanoparticles is gaining importance due to its cost-effectiveness, reduction of toxic chemicals and extensive antimicrobial activity. Herein, we have discovered synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) using agro waste materials like sheep and goat faecal matter as a reducing agent. Synthesized ZnONPs were evaluated for their purity, particle size, morphological structure, using UV–visible spectroscopy, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope analysis. However, nanoparticles gain low crystallite size, they seemed to be uneven structures like spongy like and flower shaped particles. Obtained nanoparticles exhibit good antimicrobial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration against Salmonella typhimurium and Bacillus subtilis. Agro-waste based green synthesized ZnONPs possess small sized particles, enhances the good antimicrobial effect. This research leads to develop a new way of cost-effective synthesis and reducing usage of chemicals in further studies.
Highlights
The “green chemistry” which involves using eco-friendly materials and ensures compatibility for pharmaceutical and other biomedical applications, where toxic chemicals are not used for the synthesis process
It is known that the green synthesis of Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) is much safer and environmentally friendly as compared to chemical synthesis
In response to this assumption, this study demonstrates the use of agro waste materials goat and sheep faecal matter extract as a reducing agent
Summary
The “green chemistry” which involves using eco-friendly materials and ensures compatibility for pharmaceutical and other biomedical applications, where toxic chemicals are not used for the synthesis process. The biological approach which includes different types of microorganisms has been used to synthesize different metallic NPs, which has advantages over other chemical methods as this is greener, energy saving and cost-effective. The coating of biological molecules on the surface of NPs makes them biocompatible in comparison with the NPs prepared by chemical methods [2,3,4]. The use of agricultural wastes [5] or plants and their parts [6, 7] has emerged as an alternative to chemical synthetic procedures because it does not require elaborate processes such as intracellular synthesis and multiple purification steps or the maintenance of microbial cell cultures [8]. Pharmacological studies suggest that the plant possesses anti-oxidative, antibacterial, gastro protective, hepatoprotective, anti-diarrheal, anti-nociceptive, anti-mutagenic, anti-eoplastic and chemo preventive effects [9]
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