Green synthesis of silver/silver chloride nanoparticles derived from Elaeocarpus floribundus leaf extract and study of its anticancer potential against EAC and MCF-7 cells with antioxidant and antibacterial properties

Abstract

In this study, the formation of Elaeocarpus floribundus leaf extract-mediated Ag/AgCl-NPs was ensured by color changes, UV–visible spectrum and it was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmitted electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, thermal gravimetric analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Synthesized Ag/AgCl-NPs scavenged DPPH and ABTS free radicals with the IC50 values of about 99.86 and 25.50 µg/ml, respectively. Among four pathogenic bacteria, Shigella dysenteriae was the most sensitive to Ag/AgCl-NPs with the lowest MIC value of 2 µg/ml. Besides, Escherichia coli failed to produce biofilm at 80 µg/ml of Ag/AgCl-NPs in a 24 to 96 h incubation period. Using MTT assay, 84.15 % EAC and 61.71 % MCF-7 cells growth inhibition caused at 32 µg/ml of Ag/AgCl-NPs. Moreover, Ag/AgCl-NPs inhibited 46.46 %, 54.54 %, and 71.28 % growth of EAC cells in mice at the doses of 1.5, 3, and 6 mg/kg/day after five consecutive days. Additionally, frequent apoptotic and altered morphological cells were found in Ag/AgCl-NPs treated groups during cellular morphological study. Moreover, incredible progress of hematological parameters (RBC, Hemoglobin, and WBC) with reduced average tumor weight and an increase in lifespan up to 73.82 % were observed in Ag/AgCl-NPs treated groups of mice and showed mild toxicity with an LC50 value of 138.56 µg/ml towards brine shrimp nauplii.