Abstract
In this study, we report on the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from the leaf extracts of Cynara scolymus (Artichoke) using microwave irradiation and the evaluation of its anti-cancer potential with photodynamic therapy (PDT). Silver nanoparticles formation was characterized by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Silver nanoparticles formation was also investigated the surface charge, particle size and distribution using zetasizer analysis. The cytotoxic effect of AgNPs and/or PDT was studied by MTT assay and migration by the scratch assay. The apoptotic inducing ability of the AgNPs and/or PDT was investigated by intracellular ROS analysis, antioxidant enzyme levels (SOD, CAT, GPx and GSH), Hoechst staining and Bax/Bcl-2 analysis using western blotting. The mean particle size of produced AgNPs was found 98.47±2.04 nm with low polydispersity (0.301±0.033). Zeta potential values of AgNPs show -32.3± 0.8 mV. These results clearly indicate the successful formation of AgNPs for cellular uptake. Mitochondrial damage and intracellular ROS production were observed upon treatment with AgNPs (10μg/mL) and PDT (0.5 mJ/cm2) showed significant reducing cell migration, expression of Bax and suppression of Bcl-2. Significantly, biosynthesized AgNPs showed a broad-spectrum anti-cancer activity with PDT therapy and therefore represent promoting ROS generation by modulating mitochondrial apoptosis induction in MCF7 breast cancer cells.
Highlights
In recent years, the interest in the synthesis and properties of noble metal nanoparticles such as gold, silver and platin has been attracting attention in nanomedicine [1]
Leaves were passed through the kitchen robot to separate small pieces (Arcelik, K 1190, Turkey). 200 g Cynara Scolymus leaves and 400 mL deionized water was added to 1 liter erlenmeyer
The results showed that the cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) productions were increased in AgNPs+photodynamic therapy (PDT) groups
Summary
The interest in the synthesis and properties of noble metal nanoparticles such as gold, silver and platin has been attracting attention in nanomedicine [1]. In the synthesis of nanoparticles with chemical methods, toxic chemicals are used which can cause serious damage to the environment and to the livings Due to these disadvantages, the use of physical and chemical methods is limited. The use of physical and chemical methods is limited These methods are replaced by green synthesis which is a more environmentally friendly and cheaper method. Many researchers reported the plant based green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using extracts of different plant parts such as peel, leaf, root, stem and fruit as natural resources [10, 11]. We have utilized the Cynara scolymus leaf extract (Artichoke) to synthesis bio- and eco-friendly AgNPs with green chemistry. This study was designed to investigate the anti-cancer potential of well-characterized AgNPs and PDT combination therapy against breast cancer cells
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