Abstract
Objective: In the present study, silver (Ag) nanoparticles was synthesized by traditionally used medicinal plant Acalypha indica, which was characterized using various advanced tools, and its antioxidant as well as antimicrobial properties, was studied against food pathogens.Methods: The synthesis of silver (Ag) nanoparticles from the leaf extracts were monitored with the characterization of silver nanoparticles with the help of UV-visible spectrophotometer. The optimized time for the synthesis of nanoparticles was 3 h, followed by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), surface emission microscopy analysis (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis (EDX). The antioxidant activity was evaluated by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and reducing power assay, while antifungal activity was performed against food pathogens by measuring the zone of inhibition values (ZOI).Results: The Ag nanoparticle produced, have an average particle size of 34 nm with a spherical shape, analyzed from the XRD studies, and size was confirmed with the SEM and TEM analysis. The FTIR analysis gave information about the possible compounds adsorbed on the surface of the Ag nanoparticles. The Ag nanoparticles had good reducing power than the standard and the IC50 value for Ag nanoparticles was 5 mg/ml, while the standard taken had an IC50 value of nearly 6-7 mg/ml. The fungal strain A. fumigates showed ZOI of 133% at 75 µl of concentration proving that Ag nanoparticles can act effectively against this strain when compared to other strains even at low concentrations.Conclusion: The produced Ag nanoparticles can be used for its therapeutic purposes and for large-scale synthesis in food industries for food preservation or packaging.
Highlights
Nanoparticles can be synthesized from different approaches which includes chemical, biological and the physical methods like the photochemical and chemical reductions which are being used in reverse micelles, reduction by various solutions, radiation assisted, thermal decomposition, microwave heating, electrochemical sonication and so on
The silver nanoparticles gave a characteristic band of absorbance under the UV region, due to excitation mode of surface plasmon resonance (SPR), they undergo either to blue shift or red shift depending upon the size effects of nanoparticles
The color changes prove the synthesis of silver nanoparticles
Summary
Nanoparticles can be synthesized from different approaches which includes chemical, biological and the physical methods like the photochemical and chemical reductions which are being used in reverse micelles, reduction by various solutions, radiation assisted, thermal decomposition, microwave heating, electrochemical sonication and so on. The biological methods are widely being used because in case of chemical methods, the chemicals used can be highly toxic and the products are not friendly to the environment. The demand of using an eco-friendly method for the nanoparticle synthesis has led to a new approach “green nanotechnology” which is accomplished without the use of toxic chemicals. The plant or microbial mediated methods are widely being followed as they are simple, cost effective, eco-friendly and give rapid results. The nanoparticles can be reduced using the various parts of plants, which includes black tea leaf extract [5], citrus fruits (Citrus limon, Citrus reticulata, Citrus sinensis) aqueous extract [6], seeds like Mucuna pruriens [7] and flowers like Nyctanthes arbortristis [8]
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