Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Eupatorium odoratum Against Cell- Wall Anchored Proteins (CWAPs) of Streptococcus Mutans (Gram Positive Bacteria) Responsible for Dental Disorders in Humans

Abstract

Aim: In the environmentally friendly manufacturing of silver nanoparticles, plant components like carbohydrates, lipids, enzymes, flavonoids, terpenoids, polyphenols, and alkaloids are employed as reducing agents. We aimed to green synthesize the silver nanopartciles (AgNPs) and study their effect on the expressive patterns of the cell wall anchored proteins in S. mutans. Methods: Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles were done using Eupatorium odoratum leaf extract and were screened for antibacterial properties against Streptococcus mutans using UV-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Fourier infrared spectroscopy. Further we studied the antibacterial activity of the AgNPs by well diffusion, MIC, Biofilm and gene expression studies. Results: Utilizing optical inspection, it was found the nanoparticle production was successful when the yellow fluid turned brown. When compared to zone of inhibition (30mm) for the positive control at 50µg/ml, the zone of inhibition of the synthesised AgNPs was almost significantly similar (26mm) (p<0.05). The size of the silver nanoparticles (SNPs) produced in the current work ranged between 30 and 70nm and were biosynthesized utilising an aqueous extract of E.odoratum which acted as reducing agent. Conclusion: The large-scale manufacture of NPs and the creation of biomedicines can be benefitted by this method of SNP synthesis that uses green chemistry. We conclude the potent antibacterial activity of the AgNPs synthesized at the molecular level.