Green Synthesis of RES-CMCS: A Promising Modulator of the GLUT-4/Leptin Signaling Pathway in HFD-induced Insulin Resistance

Abstract

Introduction: Resveratrol (RES) is a multi-biofunctional compound found in grapes and mulberries. The present investigation was aimed at the green synthesis of resveratrol-carboxymethyl nanoparticles using low viscosity chitosan (RES-CMCS) and evaluation of their antidiabetic and antiobesity activity. Methods: The obtained RES-CMCS was analyzed via measurement of zeta potential, particle size, morphology, and entrapment effectiveness. Its antidiabetic and antiobesity activities were also examined in an obese rat model. Results: The mean size of the RES-CMCS nanoparticles was 54.7 nm, the zeta potential was (-) 59.4 mV, and the entrapment effectiveness was 85.46%, with spherical nanoparticle morphology detected. In addition, treatment of obese diabetic rats with RES-CMCS (25 and 50 mg) as well as metformin (500 mg/kg.b.w) resulted in the normalization of several physiological parameters including body weight, levels of blood glucose, lipid profile, oxidative stress indicators, and expression of GLUT-4 and leptin genes. Conclusions: The findings show the potential for RES-CMCS as a new pharmaceutical medication method for the treatment of obesity via modulation of antioxidant enzymes and expression of GLUT-4 and leptin.