Green synthesis of photocatalytic TiO2/Ag nanoparticles for an efficient water remediation

Abstract

This work reports a green method to produce efficient photocatalytic nanopowders. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles were easily synthetized by an extract of Thymus vulgaris, and then decorated with commercial silver nanoparticles. A detailed morphological, structural, and chemical characterization was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) adsorption–desorption of N2, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and UV–Vis spectroscopy. The synthetized TiO2 nanoparticles showed a mean size of 10–15 nm, and had the anatase crystallographic phase. The photocatalytic efficiency of the TiO2 nanoparticles was demonstrated by the photo-degradation under UV-light irradiation of different pollutants in aqueous solution (methylene blue, diclofenac, and sodium dodecyl sulfate). TiO2 was coupled to Ag nanoparticles with different percentage in weight (from 0.25 to 3%), to investigate an eventual improvement of its photocatalytic efficiency. The best photocatalytic composite among the tested compositions was the one with the lowest Ag percentage (0.25%). Zebrafish embryo toxicity tests ruled out the toxicity of the synthetized nanoparticles. The present results offer a new, green, and easy method to prepare TiO2/Ag nanoparticles with high photocatalytic efficiency. The proposed materials are therefore promising for applications in photocatalysis, especially for wastewater remediation and reuse.