Green synthesis of Pd/Fe3O4 nanoparticles using Euphorbia condylocarpa M. bieb root extract and their catalytic applications as magnetically recoverable and stable recyclable catalysts for the phosphine-free Sonogashira and Suzuki coupling reactions

Abstract

This work reports on the green synthesis of Pd/Fe3O4 nanoparticles using Euphorbia condylocarpa M. bieb root extract as reducing agents and stabilizers and their catalytic applications in ligand- and copper-free Sonogashira and Suzuki coupling reactions. This method has such advantages as high yields, simple methodology and easy work up. In addition, the catalyst can be recovered by using a magnet and reused several times without significant loss of its catalytic activity. The catalyst was characterized using UV–vis, powder XRD, SEM and EDS techniques.