Green synthesis of Pd nanoparticles supported on reduced graphene oxide, using the extract of Rosa canina fruit, and their use as recyclable and heterogeneous nanocatalysts for the degradation of dye pollutants in water.

Saba Hemmati,Samir Hossein Garakani,Taha Hashemi Mobaraki,Lida Mehrazin,Hojat Veisi,Pourya Mohammadi,Hedieh Ghorban

doi:10.1039/c8ra03404d

Abstract

The current study suggests a convenient synthesis of in situ, ecofriendly and well-dispersed palladium nanoparticles with narrow and small dimension distributions on a graphene oxide (GO) surface using a Rosa canina fruit extract as a stabilizer and reducing agent without the addition of any other stabilizers or surfactants. The as-synthesized nanocatalyst (Pd NPs/RGO) was assessed with XRD, UV-vis, FE-SEM, EDS, TEM, ICP and WDX. The obtained heterogeneous nanocatalyst showed catalytic performance for reducing 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), rhodamine B (RhB) and methylene blue (MB) at ambient temperature in an ecofriendly medium. The catalyst was retained by centrifugation and reused several times with no considerable change in its catalytic performance.

Highlights

Azo dyes and nitrophenol materials are widely used by different industries including ceramics, cosmetics, textiles, explosives and paper factories
Following our previously studies,[37] here we report the synthesis of Pd NPs supported on reduced graphene oxide (Pd NPs/RGO) via the reduction of Pd2+ and GO ions by applying extracts of Rosa canina fruit as a stabilizing and reducing agent
The results of catalyst characterization In this research, during one step, Pd NPs/RGO was prepared through the reduction of Pd2+ ions and graphene oxide using the extract of the Rosa canina fruit as a stabilizing and reducing agent

Summary

Introduction

Azo dyes and nitrophenol materials are widely used by different industries including ceramics, cosmetics, textiles, explosives and paper factories. These compounds as carcinogenic, toxic and biorefractory pollutants are common in wastewaters.[1,2] The common methods of wastewater treatment which include reverse osmosis, chemical coagulation or adsorption, due to the high resistance, stability and low solubility in water of these compounds, would not be sufficient and effective for their degradation to nonhazardous products.[1,2,3,4] it would be essential to eliminate these contaminants using an alternative technique. Due to their higher catalytic surface area, heterogeneous catalysts are

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