Green synthesis of Pd nanoparticles mediated by Euphorbia thymifolia L. leaf extract: Catalytic activity for cyanation of aryl iodides under ligand-free conditions

Abstract

Pd nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by using aqueous extract of leaves of Euphorbia thymifolia L., a non-toxic ecofriendly material. The catalytic activity of the Pd NPs was investigated in the cyanation of aryl iodides using K4Fe(CN)6 as the cyanating agent under ligand-free conditions. The nitriles were obtained in good to excellent yield and the catalyst can be recovered and reused for five times without significant loss of catalytic activity.