Green synthesis of palladium nanoparticles using aqueous plant extracts and its biomedical applications

Abstract

In recent years, metallic nanoparticles manufactured by green method have become a popular environmentally beneficial technology. Our current study describes an eco-friendly, biological production of palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) with leaf extracts from Allium fistulosum, Basella alba and Tabernaemontana divaricate. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) be used to characterise the produced PdNPs. The results of our SEM examination showed spherical form with a size of of 500 nm, 2 µm and 2 µm, correspondingly, for leaf extracts ofAllium fistulosum, Basella alba, and Tabernaemontana divaricatederived PdNPs. In TEM images of all three extracts, the diameter and shape of the generated PdNPs were rather constant. Therefore, PdNPs with diameters ranging from 2 to 5 nm were measured respectively. Finally, all the extracts were evaluated for antioxidant, antifungal and antibacterial activity. The optimized PdNPs were taken for the application of dye degradation process by varying the concentration from 0 to 50 of different aliquots of PdNPs dispersions at different time of 0 to 10 and about 1 mL of congo red (1x10-4 M) was mixed with 0.25 mg of PdNPs and kept for continuous stirring at room temperature (RT). The data demonstrated that the effects of duration and concentration were strongly related to the generated functional groups as well as nanoparticles, played an important role in decreasing metal ions and stabilising PdNPs in an environmentally manner.