Abstract
We demonstrate a water-based synthetic route to fabricate composite inverse opals for simultaneous detection of ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine (DA), and uric acid (UA). Our process involves the conformal deposition of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and PEDOT/Au on the skeletons of Ni inverse opals via cyclic voltammetric scans (CV) to initiate the electropolymerization of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) monomers. The resulting samples, Ni@PEDOT, and Ni@PEDOT/Au inverse opals, exhibit a three-dimensional ordered macroporous platform with a large surface area and interconnected pore channels, desirable attributes for facile mass transfer and strong reaction for analytes. Structural characterization and material/chemical analysis including scanning electron microscope, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy are carried out. The sensing performances of Ni@PEDOT and Ni@PEDOT/Au inverse opals are explored by conducting CV scans with various concentrations of AA, DA, and UA. By leveraging the structural advantages of inverse opals and the selection of PEDOT/Au composite, the Ni@PEDOT/Au inverse opals reveal improved sensing performances over those of conventional PEDOT-based nanostructured sensors.
Highlights
Ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine (DA), and uric acid (UA) are three important chemicals present in our central nervous system and serum
We demonstrated the green synthesis of conformal PEDOT and PEDOT/Au coating on three-dimensional ordered macroporous Ni skeletons (Ni@PEDOT and Ni@PEDOT/Au inverse opals, respectively) in an aqueous solution
Colloidal crystals are typically constructed via a self-assembly route, but their small sample size and excess defects render them impractical for engineering applications [34,35]
Summary
Ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine (DA), and uric acid (UA) are three important chemicals present in our central nervous system and serum. The typical AA concentration in human serum is between 50–60 μM, and the deficiency of AA is defined to be lower than 11.4 μM [3]. The DA is a vital neurotransmitter for message transfer in the nervous system and the normal level of DA in serum is between 0.01–1 μM [4]. The UA is a product of metabolic breakdown from purine nucleotides, and its normal concentration in serum is 120–420 μM [8]. It is understood that an abnormal UA level is related to illness such as cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, and gout [9–11]. The AA, DA, and UA coexist in human blood serum, and the development of a fast, accurate, and reproducible analytical method is necessary to detect these analytes simultaneously
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