Abstract
The paper presents the use of agricultural products, namely grape skins, in the “green” synthesis of monometallic (Au, Ag) and bimetallic (Au-Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) from aqueous solutions of metal ions of the corresponding precursors. At present, there exist urgent problems of utilization of waste from the agro-industrial complex, rational use of nature and transition to the use of environment-friendly and energy-efficient technologies. Therefore, there is a tendency to use “green” technologies in obtaining nanomaterials that are considered environment-friendly and resource-saving. The study has proved the efficiency of using food waste (grape skins) as a reducing and stabilizing agent in forming nanoparticles of precious metals of mono- and bimetallic structures. Biological raw materials were extracted in an aqueous medium under a short-term effect of low-temperature plasma discharges. On the basis of the complex analysis of the extract composition, it was proved that the hydroxyl, carbonyl and carboxyl functional groups of the organic compounds of the grape skin extract are responsible for the recovery of the metal ions and stabilization of the resulting NPs. The research has proved that mono- and bimetallic NPs are formed with the following peaks: for Ag 0 (λ max =440 nm), Au 0 (λ max =540 nm), and Ag-Au (λ max =510 nm). The size and stability of the nanoparticles obtained by the “green” synthesis were assessed in comparison with the same parameters for the plasmochemical method of nanoparticles’ formation. The study has revealed antibacterial, catalytic and anti-corrosion properties of the synthesized nanoparticles. The resulting monometallic (Au, Ag) and bimetallic (Au–Ag) nanoparticles show excellent catalytic activity while recovering p-nitrophenol (4-NPh) to p-aminophenol (4-APh) in the presence of NaBH 4 . The synthesized NPs demonstrate their antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The findings allow to expand the practical application of metal nanoparticles in various industries and enhance the processing and reuse of non-liquid waste
Highlights
Nowadays, one of the strategic directions of research is the production of nanosized metals of a wide range and variety of structural organization
When obtaining monometallic nanoparticles (Au or Ag), 40 ml of the pre-obtained grape skin extract were added to 40 ml of solutions of the respective precursors; all this was mixed and left for 24 hours to form the NPs of Au0 or Ag0
The reducing of metal ions to nanoparticles and the formation of bime- Characteristics of metal nanoparticles synthesized using the tallic compounds was controlled by means of UV spectrosgrape extract obtained due to plasma discharges copy as the positions of the beam-plasma discharge (BPD) maxima characterize the forms of the existing nanoparticles of metals, their size, shape, etc. [25, 26]
Summary
One of the strategic directions of research is the production of nanosized metals of a wide range and variety of structural organization. In accordance with the international standards, one of the innovative ways to reduce the amount of reagent components and replace the toxic components is the use of “green” technologies The latter include various methods that facilitate the conditions for obtaining nanosized compounds with the use of various wastes of natural raw materials [7]. Given the promising use of natural plant material for the synthesis of nanomaterials, the research that is aimed at further improving and developing “green” technologies for the controlled synthesis of nanoparticles of mono- and bimetallic structures is considered relevant. Such studies include selecting biological material for extraction and specifying the properties of the nanosized compounds intended for further practical application
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