Abstract
Abstract This study presents an outline of the 12 principles of green relevance in nanomaterial synthesis. The goal of using green renewable resources is to protect the environment from negative effects, which can be achieved via several main directions, including the choice of innocuous solvents, such as supercritical (SC) fluids or water, and/or additives (i.e. stabilizers, capping, and reducing agents) such as polysaccharides, using alternative reaction circumstances, and the development of energy-efficient synthetic methods. This review shows how different green renewable resources routes are reducing the impact of chemical processes on the environment and how their benefit can be achieved in nanotechnology applications such as green energy.
Highlights
Green chemistry is defined as the “design of chemical products and procedures for reducing or removing the using and production of harmful substances” [1,2]
Most of them melt at ambient temperature and start to degrade at temperatures of 300 to 400°C. They have a much wider synthesis maximum temperature than water; (3) the cations and anions coupled with IL can be modified to alter its solubility characteristics; (4) ILs are non-coordinating unlike other solvents such as esters and alcohol; and (5) because ILs have low vapour pressure, they do not escape into the atmosphere like an organic solvent
Green biosynthesis has been extensively explored by numerous researcher nowadays, and it was chosen as an alternative route to produce a safe and eco-friendly NPs
Summary
Green chemistry is defined as the “design of chemical products and procedures for reducing or removing the using and production of harmful substances” [1,2]. The field has received a lot of attention in recent years due to its ability to design alternative, safer, energy efficient, and less toxic methods towards synthesis These pathways have been associated with the rational use of different materials in nanoparticle preparations and synthetic methods [11,12]. The use of experimental methods allows for the manufacture of NPs of high grade without the use of chemical reducing agents, as well as the regulation of particle size and morphology Another advantageous feature of this method is its adaptability with respect to radiation sources as it may be carried out using gamma, e-beam, and X-rays without compromising the end product or requiring composition adjustments, apart from modifying the radiation source. This benefit is even more significant if the created system matches to the final product to be sold because radiation may be done inside the final package, preventing further contamination and very low handling
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