Green synthesis of nanocarbon dots using hydrothermal carbonization of lysine amino acid and its application in detection of duloxetine

Abstract

Depression is a mood disorder in which a person feels tired and bored and also unwilling to do daily activities. Duloxetine is a drug that is used to the treatment of depression and anxiety. Due to the use of different medications to treat the depression and its possible side effects, quick and accurate identification of these drugs is necessary. Also, because of the possibility of suicide in depressed people, rapid detection of drug type in drug poisoning (drug overdose) is crucial. Therefore, various sensors are used, that the most straightforward, and most accessible sensors are optical types. One of the best, simplest and safest fluorescent sensors were used for optical sensors is nanocarbon dots. In this study, a new, inexpensive and green optical biosensor was designed, and fabricated using lysine-based carbon dots to detect detection of Duloxetine. Fluorescent carbon dot was prepared by hydrothermal method. The green carbon dots were characterized by UV–visible spectroscopy, TEM, XRD and zeta sizer. Also, fluorescence of carbon dot was investigated. The CDs are spherical and the average size of the monodisperse nanoparticles was around 15 nm. The X-ray diffraction pattern represents a weak crystalline property that confirms the amorphous phase of carbon dots. The value of quantum yield for carbon dots was 31.3% to standard Quinone sulfate. The detection limit of Duloxetine was 0.002 µM. The recovery of Duloxetine was 99.2 to 101.5%, which indicates this nanosensor has a good ability to detect Duloxetine at low concentrations. The results indicate L-lysine-based CDs can be used professionally and selectively to detect of Duloxetine in real samples and human blood plasma.