Green synthesis of Cordia myxa incubated ZnO, Fe2O3, and Co3O4 nanoparticle: Characterization, and their response as biological and photocatalytic agent

Abstract

• Cordia myxa based incubated incubated I-ZnO, I-Co 3 O 4 , and I-Fe 2 O 3 NPs were synthesized. • I-ZnO, I-Co 3 O 4 , and I-Fe 2 O 3 NPs were characterized via UV–Vis, XRD and FTIR. • I-ZnO, I-Co 3 O 4 , and I-Fe 2 O 3 NPs showed antibacterial and antioxidant activity. • Enhanced Photocatalytic activity of I-ZnO, I-Co 3 O 4 , and I-Fe 2 O 3 NPs against 5 different dyes. The imperative necessity for new therapy and catalysts has risen significantly due to infectious agents that are multi-resistant and organic toxins draining into our ecosystem. To address these problems, highly biocompatible Cordia myxa incubated I-ZnO, I-Co 3 O 4 , and I-Fe 2 O 3 NPs were prepared and characterized by using a variety of techniques, including ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The XRD diffraction pattern confirmed that I-ZnO hexagonal, while I-Co 3 O 4 and I-Fe 2 O 3 cubic structure. UV–vis spectra show the energy bandgap for I-ZnO, I-Fe 2 O 3 , and I-Co 3 O 4 3.35 eV, 2.32 eV, and 2.44 eV, respectively. TEM analyses show the patterns of the morphology of I-ZnO as flower-shaped, I-Fe 2 O 3 as rectangular, I-Co 3 O 4 looks like prism crystals. EDX mapping confirmed the elemental presence of Zn, Fe, Co in the samples. The antibacterial study show that the I-NPs have bigger zone of inhibition (ZOI) than pristine NPs. The highest percentage for E-coli strain obtained in this trend (I- Fe 2 O 3 ) 81% >(I-ZnO) 76% >(I-Co 3 O 4 ) 63% . Photocatalytic activity results revealed that the MB dye degraded after 80 min and efficiencies of I-(Fe 2 O 3 ) 98.38 % >I-ZnO 98.12% >(I-Co 3 O 4 ) 93.93% . Furthermore, the green synthesis strategy certifies a new pathway for minimizing infections, oxidative stress, and degradation of key pollutants from the environment.