Abstract
BackgroundDespite developments in nanotechnology for use in the pharmaceutical field, there is still a need for implementation of this technology in agrochemistry. In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were successfully prepared by a facile and an eco-friendly route using two different ligands, 2ʹ-amino-1,1ʹ:4ʹ,1″-terphenyl-3,3″,5,5″-tetracarboxylic acid (H4L) and 1,3,6,8-tetrakis (p-benzoic acid)-pyrene (TBAPy), as reducing agents. The physiochemical properties of the as-obtained AgNPs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The toxicity of H4L–AgNP and TBAPy–AgNP against the brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens) was also measured.ResultsSEM and TEM analyses demonstrated the formation of quasi-spherical AgNP structures in the presence of H4L and TBAPy. Insecticidal assays showed that TBAPy is less effective against N. lugens, with a median lethal concentration (LC50) of 810 mg/L, while the toxicity of H4L increased and their LC50 reached 786 mg/L 168 h posttreatment at a high concentration of 2000 mg/L. H4L–AgNPs were also highly toxic at a low concentration of 20 mg/L, with LC50 = ~ 3.9 mg/L 168 h posttreatment, while TBAPy–AgNPs exhibited less toxicity at the same concentration, with LC50 = ~ 4.6 mg/L.ConclusionsThese results suggest that the synthesized AgNPs using the two ligands may be a safe and cheaper method compared with chemical insecticides for protection of rice plants from pests and has potential as an effective insecticide in the N. lugens pest management program.
Highlights
Despite developments in nanotechnology for use in the pharmaceutical field, there is still a need for implementation of this technology in agrochemistry
This study is the first attempt to prepare a Ag colloidal suspension as an insecticide using these ligands. H4L was obtained from the chemical reaction of 3,5-dimethylphenylboronic acid to form benzene-3,5-dicarboxyelester-boronic acid [41], and the final product was obtained according as previously described with slight modifications [40]
The anchoring of A g+ into the organic ligands to form H4L– and tetrakis (p-benzoic acid)-pyrene (TBAPy)– Sil‐ ver nanoparticle (AgNP) via a simple liquid-phase reduction process was confirmed by different analyses, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV–Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), as described later
Summary
Despite developments in nanotechnology for use in the pharmaceutical field, there is still a need for implementation of this technology in agrochemistry. Noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) are widely used in electrochemical, electrodiagnostic, and bioelectrochemical applications because of their significant electroreactant activity due to their relatively high surface-area-to-volume ratio and interface-subjugated properties [3, 4]. The medical use of NPs is attracting vast interest because of their low toxicity in different nontarget organs or organisms [5, 6]. Noble metal NPs (i.e., Ag, Pt, Au, and Pd) are studied due to their low toxicity and. AgNPs have attracted great attention in the field of biology because of their exceptional and tunable surface plasmon resonance (SPR) [9, 10]. AgNPs have promising potential in bioscience, originating from their low ecotoxicological characterization [11, 12]
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