Green Synthesis, Characterization, and Potential Biomedical Applications of AgNPs Using Coriander sativum and Olea europaea

Recently, nanotechnology has attracted great attention due to its wide applications for different fields of science. Nanoparticles are a cluster of atoms in the range of 1-100 nm that provides mechanical, optical, electrical, and structural advanced, and also an increased surface area than the original substance. Nanostructure materials have got an enhancement to the feature of life and preservation of the environment. Now a day’s silver nanoparticles have gained attention due to its uses in various areas of human interest in the industry, medicine, human health, and agriculture. It is the most popular metallic nanoparticles in antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-cancer properties as different researchers reported. The objective of this review is to brief recent progress in the biosynthesis of AgNPs. This review may have a great contribution in the field of green synthesis, characterization, and antibacterial activities of AgNPs. There are three types of nanoparticles synthesis approaches they are physical, chemical, and biological methods. The biological method for the synthesis of AgNPs is a preferable approach due to its simplicity, cost-effectiveness, easily scale up to the industry and non-toxicity. Plants and their parts contain carbohydrates, fats, proteins, nucleic acids, pigments, and several types of secondary metabolites which act as reducing agents to produce nanoparticles from metal salts without producing any toxic by-product. In this review, different researches reported different particle size of AgNPs (0.011 – 90 nm) and shape by using different plant material. I conclude This review is concerned with the green synthesis of AgNPs, characterization, and antibacterial activity of AgNPs.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been found to exhibit unique properties which show their potential to be used in various therapies. Green synthesis of AgNPs has been progressively gaining acceptance due to its cost-effectiveness and energy-efficient nature. In the current study, aqueous extract of Thymus vulgaris (T. vulgaris) was used to synthesize the AgNPs using green synthesis techniques followed by checking the effectiveness and various biological activities of these AgNPs. At first, the plant samples were proceeded for extraction of aqueous extracts followed by chromatography studies to measure the phenolics and flavonoids. The synthesis and characterization of AgNPs were done using green synthesis techniques and were confirmed using Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), zeta potential, zeta sizer and X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. After confirmation of synthesized AgNPs, various biological activities were checked. The chromatography analysis detected nine compounds accounting for 100% of the total amount of plant constituents. The FT-IR, UV-vis spectra, SEM, zeta potential, zeta sizer and XRD analysis confirmed the synthesis of AgNPs and the variety of chemical components present on the surface of synthesized AgNPs in the plant extract. The antioxidant activity of AgNPs showed 92% inhibition at the concentration of at 1000 µg/mL. A greater inhibitory effect in anti-diabetic analysis was observed with synthesized AgNPs as compared to the standard AgNPs. The hemolytic activity was low, but despite low concentrations of hemolysis activity, AgNPs proved not to be toxic or biocompatible. The anti-inflammatory activity of AgNPs was observed by in-vitro and in-vivo approaches in range at various concentrations, while maximum inhibition occurs at 1000 µg (77.31%). Our data showed that the potential biological activities of the bioactive constituents of T. vulgaris can be enhanced through green synthesis of AgNPs from T. vulgaris aqueous extracts. In addition, the current study depicted that AgNPs have good potential to cure different ailments as biogenic nano-medicine.

Introduction: The escalating global threat of multidrug-resistant pathogens necessitates innovative approaches to combat drug resistance. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have emerged as promising candidates due to their potent antimicrobial and anti-cancer properties. Green synthesis of AgNPs using plant extracts offers an eco-friendly and cost-effective method. This study focuses on the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AC-AgNPs) using Anisophyllea corneri leaf extracts and evaluates their antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. Materials and methods: An eco-friendly synthesis approach was employed, utilizing A. corneri leaf extracts as reducing agents. Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) was utilized for phytochemical profiling. The synthesis process was optimized at various temperatures (60?C, 70?C, 80?C) and pH levels (4, 9) to achieve optimal AgNPs outcomes. Characterization of AC-AgNPs included UV-Vis spectrophotometry, FTIR, SEM, Zeta potential, and Particle Size Analyzer (PSA). Antimicrobial evaluation was conducted against four bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus) using paper disc diffusion. Cytotoxicity was assessed through the MTT assay on MCF-7 (breast cancer cell line). Results: A. corneri leaf extract exhibited abundant active compounds facilitating the reduction of silver ions. Optimization revealed that 70?C at pH 9 produced AC-AgNPs with a minimal particle size of 135.5 nm and a stable zeta potential (-45.1±11.7 mV). AC-AgNPs displayed a spherical morphology. Antimicrobial trials demonstrated moderate efficacy against the tested bacteria, with inhibition zones ranging from 8 to 10 mm. Additionally, AC-AgNPs exhibited cytotoxic potential with a moderate IC50 of 74.9 µg/mL. Conclusion: The green synthesis, characterisation and biological activities of AgNPs from A. corneri leaf extracts have been established. It is recommended to optimise the synthesis process and validate the biological activities.

Brain tumors, particularly Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) and Low-Grade Gliomas (LGG), present significant clinical challenges due to their aggressive nature and resistance to conventional treatments. Traditional therapies such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation are often limited in efficacy, necessitating novel therapeutic strategies. Nanotechnology, particularly the use of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), offers a targeted and potentially more effective approach. This study focuses on the green synthesis of Ag NPs using Podocarpus macrophyllus leaf extract as a reducing agent. The synthesized Ag NPs were characterized for their physicochemical properties, demonstrating a controlled particle size of 13 nm as determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the presence of functional groups, and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy revealed that silver constituted approximately 90% of the nanoparticle composition. The Ag NPs exhibited promising biological activity, including 90% free radical scavenging (antioxidant) activity, 99.15% inhibition of protein denaturation (anti-inflammatory activity), and 90.56% inhibition of alpha-amylase (anti-diabetic activity). Additionally, the nanoparticles displayed significant anti-hemolytic (89.9% inhibition) and antimicrobial activities, with a 20 mm inhibition zone against Staphylococcus species. Computational analyses further indicated that the NOTCH2 gene, which is upregulated in LGG and GBM, may interact with Ag NPs, suggesting their potential in brain cancer therapy. The green synthesis approach offers a sustainable and bioactive method for producing Ag NPs, underscoring their therapeutic promise for treating GBM and LGG.

Microbicidal potential of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) can be drastically improved by improving their solubility or wettability in the aqueous medium. In the present study, we report the synthesis of both green and chemical synthesis of Ag-NPs, and evaluate the effect of the dispersion qualities of as-prepared Ag-NPs from both methods on their antimicrobial activities. The green synthesis of Ag-NPs is carried out by using an aqueous solution of readily available Salvadora persica L. root extract (RE) as a bioreductant. The formation of highly crystalline Ag-NPs was established by various analytical and microscopic techniques. The rich phenolic contents of S. persica L. RE (Miswak) not only promoted the reduction and formation of NPs but they also facilitated the stabilization of the Ag-NPs, which was established by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis. Furthermore, the influence of the volume of the RE on the size and the dispersion qualities of the NPs was also evaluated. It was revealed that with increasing the volume of RE the size of the NPs was deteriorated, whereas at lower concentrations of RE smaller size and less aggregated NPs were obtained. During this study, the antimicrobial activities of both chemically and green synthesized Ag-NPs, along with the aqueous RE of S. persica L., were evaluated against various microorganisms. It was observed that the green synthesized Ag-NPs exhibit comparable or slightly higher antibacterial activities than the chemically obtained Ag-NPs.

Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are important materials that have been studied extensively. Biosynthesis of Ag NPs from plants has an important role in biomedical science and drug discovery application. Green synthesis of Ag NPs is a growing research area because of their potential applications in nanomedicines. Hence, in the present study, we investigated the green synthesis of Ag Nps from silver nitrate using leaves extracts of Aloe vera. The synthesized NPs were characterized by UV-Visible (UV-VIS) spectrophotometer, Fourier transform spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Zeta Potential. Keywords: Aloe vera, Fourier transform spectroscopy (FT-IR), silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), UV-Visible (UV-VIS) spectrophotometer, Zeta Potential Cite this Article Purendra Singh. Green Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles by Using Aloe vera Plant Extract. Trends in Drug Delivery. 2019; 6(3): 30–35p.

Green synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of silver nanoparticles using Cassia auriculata flower extract separated fraction

Background: One of the major advances in the application of nanoparticles is the recognition of steric stabilization, which can enhance particle stability in biological environments and provide opportunities for the development of drug delivery systems (DDSs) aimed at achieving drug targeting and controlled drug release. Nanocrystalline silver particles (AgNPs) have significant applications in biomolecular recognition, antimicrobial treatment, catalysis, and sensor manufacturing. Nanoparticles are utilized in various medical applications, including image quality enhancement, medicine, tissue engineering, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of targeted tissues and cell types. Nanocrystalline silver particles, in particular, significantly contribute to a wide range of industrial and medical applications. Objectives: In this study, the green synthesis of one-pot reaction AgNPs with omeprazole (OMP) and omeprazole sulfide (OMPS) was investigated for their antibacterial properties. Methods: The synthesis of OMP and OMPS drugs was completed on AgNPs, and the resulting nanoparticles were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Results: Briefly, the size of OMP nanoparticles is less than 40 nm, and the length of OMPS nanoparticles is less than 60 nm. Omeprazole@AgNPs (Ag@OMP) and omeprazol sulfide@AgNPs (Ag@OMPS) can repel bacteria. In the UV-Visible (UV-Vis) spectrum, it has been observed that pure OMPS appear with a λmax at 400 nm, corresponding to the n→π* transition of the S-OMPS molecule, while the Ag@OMPS arrangement appears with a λmax at 300 nm. Conclusions: The green synthesis of AgNPs with OMP and OMPS has been investigated for their antibacterial properties. The nanoparticles were characterized using various techniques. The results indicate that the size of OMP nanoparticles is less than 40 nm, while the length of OMPS nanoparticles is less than 60 nm. Omeprazole@AgNPs and Ag@OMPS have demonstrated antibacterial properties, with the UV-Vis spectrum showing distinct peaks for the different arrangements. Overall, the study demonstrates the potential of utilizing AgNPs in combination with OMP and OMPS for enhanced antibacterial activities.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) utilizing plant extracts has been widely optimized these days because of its eco-friendly, simple, and cost-effective manner. This present study was performed to evaluate the scale-up trial on synthesis parameter and centrifugation duration of Plantago major L. leaf ethanolic extract in the green synthesis of Ag NPs. Leaf extract concentration of 0.25%, 70 °C of temperature, 60 min of synthesis time, and 30 min of centrifugation time were concluded as the optimized scale-up condition of green synthesis. The scale-up trial resulted in spherical silver nanoparticles with an average size 12.2±5.11 nm, proven from various spectroscopic (UV–Vis, EDS, FTIR), microscopic observations (SEM, FE-TEM), and other observations (SAED, DLS, XRD). The synthesized Ag NPs also exhibit promising antibacterial activity against several tested bacteria at 20 μg mL−1 of dosage. This study offers nine times higher yield of the synthesized Ag NPs (107.2±6.82 mg) at about the same making time of smaller scale of green synthesis. Sufficient nanoparticles will provide flexibility to carry out its characterization in an efficient manner and further bioactivity test and/or formulation experiments, such as in cosmetics, medical ointments, and other pharmaceutical products.

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Rapid biologically one-step synthesis of stable bioactive silver nanoparticles using Osage orange (Maclura pomifera) leaf extract and their antimicrobial activities

Since silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized by using plant extracts revealed varied biological activities, the green synthesis of AgNPs has attracted considerable attention. Although the green synthesis of AgNPs have been accomplished by using the extracts of Cornus Officinalis, which is a traditional Chinese medicine and exhibits a wide spectrum of phytochemicals. The effects of biosynthesis parameters on reducing reaction, stability and more broad biological activities of so-prepared AgNPs did not been evaluated. In this paper, we firstly assessed the effects of UV radiation, pH, material proportion and radiation times on the green synthesis of AgNPs under 365 nm UV radiation by UV-visible spectrum and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis. The results showed that UV radiation could accelerate the formation of AgNPs and influence the average size below pH 7.0, and the size of so-prepared AgNPs were sensitive to the pH and material proportion, but no obvious changes to UV radiation times, offering a size-controlled synthetic method for AgNPs. The further X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and DLS studies showed AgNPs synthesized at pH 7.0, extract: AgNO3 = 1 : 1 and after 4 h UV radiation were a face-centered cubic (fcc) structure and both spherical and polygonal in shape with average particle size of 64.5 ± 0.3 nm existed in a monodispersed form. Subsquently, the stability of AgNPs was analyzed by zeta potential (−24.8 mV) and the average size measurement after 30 days storage (63.3 ± 0.4 nm), revealing a high degree of stability. Lastly, the investigation of biological activities showed that the biosynthesized AgNPs had potent antioxidant activity, antimicrobial activity against both S. aureus and E. coli as well as anticancer activity against HCT116 and HepG2 cell lines but negligible cytotoxicity against SW620. And the internalization of biosynthesized AgNPs inside the bacterial cell was evaluated by flow cytometric analysis, where the SSC values have significant increase after treating with nanoparticles. These results confirmed that the biosynthesis parameters on the green synthesis of AgNPs by using Cornus Officinalis extract also played pivotal roles and so-prepared AgNPs would be useful for the development of new alternative antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer agents in biomedicine.

Nanotechnology has marked a significant revolution in various areas of science. Nanoscience and nanotechnology are involved in the production and application of nanoparticles that can be used in various fields. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), among other nanoparticles, have received substantial attention because of their unique properties. This review article focuses on the green synthesis of AgNPs using medicinal plant extracts. Green synthesized AgNPs offer numerous advantages, including energy efficiency, low toxicity, high yields, cost-effectiveness, eco-friendliness, and ready availability. The effects of pH, temperature, incubation time, light and plant extracts, and silver nitrate (AgNO3) concentrations on the green synthesis of AgNPs are discussed. This review also discusses analytical techniques for the characterization of AgNPs. Furthermore, recent advances in the application of biosynthesized AgNPs from herbal plants as therapeutic agents against bacteria, fungi, and tumors are considered. Finally, the challenges and potential future research directions for the synthesis of AgNPs using green technology are discussed.

Development of eco-friendly synthetic methods has resulted in the production of biocompatible Ag NPs for applications in medical sector. To overcome the prevailing antibiotic resistance in bacteria, Ag NPs are being extensively researched over the past few years due to their broad spectrum and robust antimicrobial properties. Silver nanoparticles are also being studied widely in advanced anticancer therapy as an alternative anticancer agent to combat cancer in an effective manner. Keeping this backdrop in consideration, this review aims to provide an extensive coverage of the recent progresses in the green synthesis of Ag NPs specifically using plant derived reducing agents such phytochemicals and numerous other biopolymers. Current development in antimicrobial activity of Ag NPs against various pathogens has been deliberated at length. Recent advances in potent anticancer activity of the biogenic Ag NPs against various cancerous cell lines has also been discussed in detail. Mechanistic details of the synthesis of Ag NPs, their anticancer and antimicrobial action has also been highlighted.

The global impact of Peptic Ulcer Disease poses significant health challenges, with the costs and side effects of conventional medications often outweighing their benefits; this has led to failure in therapy or inefficacy of drug therapy. Phytomedicines are being investigated for their potential in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have unique properties that make them suitable for diverse therapies, and green synthesis of AgNPs is gaining popularity due to its cost-effectiveness and energy efficiency. In this study, Silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) were effectively synthesized by a green synthesis method using <i>Persea americana</i> aqueous leaf extract. Characterization was performed using UV-visible spectroscopy and Zeta sizer. The colour change from light brown to dark brown confirmed AgNP formation, with maximum absorption peaks at 340 nm in UV-visible spectroscopy. The average particle size of optimized batch was 70.37 nm. The study highlights the potential of green synthesis via nanoparticle technology to improve the therapeutic effectiveness of natural remedies for peptic ulcer, presenting a promising avenue for the development of more efficient and safer medicines.