Abstract
Green chemistry has been applied in different areas due to the growing demands for renewable processes and one of them is nanotechnology. The aim of this study was to characterize a formulation containing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) produced by a green synthesis and to evaluate its antimicrobial activity. The formulation will be used as an intracanal dressing exploiting the AgNPs' antimicrobial properties, which are crucial to prevent infections and bacterial reinfections that can compromise endodontic treatments. In the green synthesis, silver nitrate was employed as the precursor salt, maltose as a reducing agent, and gelatin as a stabilizing agent. The formulation was prepared mixing 50 % of a liquid containing the AgNPs and 50 % of hydroxyethylcellulose gel at 1.5 % with proper evaluation of the process inherent parameters. Techniques such as molecular absorption spectrometry and dynamic light scattering were used in characterization step. The antimicrobial activity of the AgNPs against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Enterococcus faecalis NCTC 775, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 was verified according to National Comittee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) by determining minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC). The obtained results indicated the formulation containing AgNPs produced by a green synthesis was properly characterized by the selected techniques. Furthermore, the formulation assessment proved that it is suitable for the proposal as well as it has potential to be used as an intracanal dressing since presented antimicrobial activity against all bacterial strains evaluated.
Highlights
Some substances are traditionally used as irrigation solutions and intracanal medication, helping to disinfect the root canal system
Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles At the end of the studies the following conditions were adopted: 5 mL of silver nitrate 0.031 mol/L, 10 mL of maltose 0.062 mol/L, gelatin mass of 0.062 g, reaction time of 3 h and temperature of 85 oC. These parameters allowed the obtaining of silver nanoparticles through green synthesis, which were properly characterized
Antimicrobial Activity The results showed that all the evaluated a formulation containing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) showed antimicrobial activity for all studied bacterial species, since they formed bacterial growth inhibition halos ranging from 6 to 9 mm for all of them
Summary
Some substances are traditionally used as irrigation solutions and intracanal medication, helping to disinfect the root canal system. Calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] has good acceptance due to its alkalinizing and enzymatic action, in addition to antimicrobial and mineralizing properties [1] When it comes to disinfection procedures, the use of silver nanoparticles is an important alternative, due to their dimensions that would allow penetration into the dental canaliculi. Nanoparticles have antimicrobial action on a wide spectrum of microorganisms, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria [2,3], fungi [4] and viruses [5]. These nanomaterials have great potential to be used as an irrigating solution and/ or intracanal medication during endodontic therapy [2]
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