Green synthesis and characterization of Murraya koenigii leaf extract mediated IrO2, SnO2, and Ir-SnO2 nanoparticles

Abstract

In the present work, green method of synthesis has been used to synthesize the IrO2, SnO2, and Ir-SnO2 mono and bimetallic oxide nanoparticles (NPs) using Murraya koenigii leaves extract. The synthesized particles are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, elemental mapping, transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectra, thermal analysis (TGA, DTG, and DTA) techniques. The XRD patterns confirm that all samples have tetragonal crystal structure. The analysis of TGA data exhibits the weight loss of NPs (71.8% for IrO2, 73.6% SnO2, and 57.3% for Ir-SnO2) due to the thermal decomposition of biomass, and capping agent at the surface of NPs. The FE-SEM images demonstrate that the NPs of metal have different shapes like cube (IrO2), rods (SnO2), and intermixing of shape found in Ir-SnO2 sample (pseudo spherical and rod shaped). The approximate crystallite size of IrO2, SnO2, and Ir-SnO2 are ∼20, ∼5.23, and ∼1.23 nm, respectively, which are estimated from TEM images.