GREEN STRATEGY FOR RECLAIMING ECOSYSTEM: MICROBIAL REMEDIATION OF LEATHER INDUSTRY WASTES

Abstract

Meeting environmental regulations for both liquid and solid wastes are produced during the manufacture of leather items is one of the long-term issues facing the leather industry. Insufficient treatment of these wastes will cause environmental pollution and endanger human health. Trimmings have generally been underutilized among other trash that are produced. Hair is not utilized, however collagen found in trims and garbage. Many organic and inorganic particles together with the discharge of suspended or gas-solid oil and grease, nitrogen-containing compounds, and heavy metals either by themselves or in their reduced salt form, chlorides, sulphates, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total dissolved solids (TDS) are all considerably generated and influenced by tanning operations. Formaldehyde used in the production of finished leather that are difficult to biodegrade and can cause the production of free formaldehyde, a recognized carcinogen. Microbial bioremediation is a novel technique that may be used in a variety of soil and water environments due to microorganisms' adaptability to remove hazardous pollutants that could offer a safer and affordable strategy. The pollution profile of leather industries, microbial bioremediation for pollution reduction from diverse ecological lattices and interactions between the microbes and contaminants has received substantial attention in this review.