Green roofs in animal production facilities - A review of strategies for estimating the carbon dioxide balance

Abstract

Animal production faces challenges related to thermal comfort, air quality, and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, thereby the need for more efficient and sustainable systems due to climate change. This study examines green roofs and their potential to absorb atmospheric CO2 and reduce heat load through photosynthesis and evapotranspiration, resulting in decreased energy consumption and increased CO2 emissions. The maximum CO2 concentration limit in animal production facilities is 3000 ppm. Depending on the ventilation system used in broiler production facilities, the CO2 concentration can exceed 2000 ppm. Dark House poultry facilities tend to have higher concentrations reaching up to 777 ppm. In pig farming, the nursery sector has higher concentrations of CO2, exceeding 1200 ppm. In dairy farming, the number of milkings, the type of ventilation system and local climatic conditions can affect the CO2 concentration, reaching values of up to 1401 ppm. C3 plants have a CO2 saturation point at 800 ppm and C4 plants at 200 ppm. The CO2 balance in animal production facilities that use a green roof can be done considering the CO2 produced and the CO2 absorbed. Green roofs are therefore considered a sustainable solution for animal production. Its implementation enhances air quality in the facilities, supporting the reduction of environmental impacts and mitigation of climate change effects caused by the agroindustry. This investigation underscores the significance of green roofs, emphasizing their environmental, social, and economic benefits, as well as their applicability in animal production.