Green roof positive impact on changing a Plus-ZEB to drastic Plus-ZEB: The multi-objective energy planning and audit in real condition outlook

Abstract

This paper presents a novel study on the multi-objective energy audit and management of a proposed plus-ZEB covered by a green roof in Tehran’s climate. The planning impact of changing a proposed plus-ZEB to an intensive plus-ZEB is also evaluated. The planning is performed for one year based on Tehran’s accurate urban climate data. The plus-ZEB consists of renewable and non-renewable resources like CHP, boiler, furnace, photovoltaic, solar water heater, wind turbine, air to the water heat pump, electric heat pump, and chiller boiler units in addition to energy storage to supply diverse electrical, thermal, and cooling demands of the presented building. The planning’s functions are included in the total cost and emission of the plus-ZEB. The objective function prioritization is also participated to show the planner’s decision on the function. Also, diverse solvers are implemented to evaluate and compare and validate results. The problem is simulated in energy plus to assess the amount of demands, construction materials, and energy audit issues; then, the results transfer to the GAMS software for energy management of the proposed plus-ZEB by utilizing a green roof. The problem in GAMS is modeled as a real mixed-integer programming (RMIP) and solved using the augmented epsilon constraint method (AEC). The final results show the significant effect of the proposed planning on reducing the cost and emission of the plus-ZEB, in which the total cost and pollution are decreased by about 7.4 % and 10.6 %, respectively.