Abstract
Globally, in wet-salting preservation, common salt (sodium chloride, NaCl) is generally practiced for the raw animal skin which emits a huge amount of chloride-containing wastewater affecting groundwater quality, human and plant life. Chlorides in tannery wastewater encourage salt-free or less-salt preservation methods of raw skin. In this study, an alternative salt-free ‘green method’ has been described for goatskin preservation with rapidly growing obnoxious weeds Sphagneticola trilobata leaf. The ‘green leaf paste’ was applied on the flesh side of the raw goatskin and compared with conventional wet-salting (50% NaCl) method for 28 days. Different parameters of both sample like moisture, nitrogen, hydrothermal stability, and bacterial growth were periodically assessed and compared. Shoe upper leather was produced from both preserved goatskins. After comparing with standards, the physical properties like tensile strength, elongation at break, bursting strength satisfied the standard requirements. SEM images showed no deterioration to the fiber structure of both samples. Moreover, the suggested method reduces the pollution loads: chloride, total dissolved solids, biochemical oxygen demand, and chemical oxygen demand by 98.04%, 92.9%, 90.2%, and 85.5%, respectively. The overall assessment recommends that the salt-free ‘green method’ utilizing S. trilobata leaf paste could be an attractive system over the conventional wet-salting method. Doi: 10.28991/HIJ-2021-02-02-03 Full Text: PDF
Highlights
Hide/skin, a byproduct of the meat industry is the natural raw materials for the tanning industry
It seems that the Cl- and total dissolved solids (TDS) load were greatly reduced by 98.04% and 92.9%, respectively, with the present preservation method in place of the conventional wet salting method
The present study concedes the effectiveness of S. trilobata leaf paste to preserve the goatskin for 28 days in an environmentally sound way without the addition of common salt
Summary
Hide/skin, a byproduct of the meat industry is the natural raw materials for the tanning industry. With growing concerns of available freshwater; the chloride (Cl-), total dissolved solids (TDS), and salinity added to freshwater from the conventional wet salting preservation of raw hide/skin as well as soaking of the leather industry are raising questions. In sun-drying [7], controlled drying [8], or by controlling the action of microorganisms like using powder biocide or irradiation These techniques are either cheap and affect the quality of the leather or expensive to apply in the industry. Some salt-less preservation systems like cooling and chilling [13], vacuum [14], dry ice [15], boric acid [9], silica gel [16] have been adapted for laboratory and pilot scale The limitations with these methods are that the preserving agents are hazardous themselves or expensive to carry out or not practically adaptable. The parameters of pollution load were assessed and compared with the standard limits
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