Abstract
Scalds are one of the most common injuries and the 4th cause of trauma globally. Alginate has emerged as a promising scald wound dressing. Herein, we present a facile applicable strategy for electron beam (EB) radiation crosslinking gelatin, alginate, and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) into an injectable three-dimensional (3D) porous hydrogel (3D-PH) with a double crosslinked network for reliable deep second-degree scald wound healing. In addition, the injectable 3D-PH stimulated proliferation and migration of dermal fibroblasts in vitro and the deep second-degree scald wound healing process is accelerated in vivo. Most importantly, in vitro results revealed that the injectable 3D-PH stimulated cell proliferation via inducing the expression of Ki-67, and suppressed inflammatory signals as indicated by the downregulation of inflammatory factors (IL-6, TNF-α) in L929 cells. We further demonstrated that the 3D-PGH accelerated the wound healing process of deep second-degree scald in vivo. This study indicated the injectable 3D-PH with a double crosslinked network could be applied as a multifunctional injectable scald wound dressing material for anti-inflammation, necrotic tissue-removal, and wound closure. These findings suggest that the injectable 3D-PH may be conducive to the evolution of new pharmaceuticals for burn wound healing.
Highlights
Burns are a serious global public health problem
This study focused on the synthesis and comprehensive characterization of environmentally friendly hydrogels based on gelatin, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and alginate for burn wound repair substitutes
The amino acid residues in the gelatin molecule are prone to selfoxidation to form an aldehyde group, which can be crosslinked with the amino acid on the gelatin molecule to form Schiff base group (Fig. 2b), this is the rst crosslinked network in the injectable 3D porous hydrogel (3D-PH)
Summary
Burns are a serious global public health problem. Annually, about 300 000 people die or suffer injuries caused by res, scalds, electrical burns, and other forms of burns.[1]. Hydrogels are good stain removers,[20,21,22] and they are nonadherent and can engulf bacteria, which is bene ts to threedimensional (3D) network expansion upon exudate absorption.[23] Hydrogels can meet many of the requirements for an ideal burn wound dressing, and sustain an ideal moist environment for healing while protecting the wound. These results suggested that the injectable 3D-PH could be used to accelerated deep seconddegree scald wound healing
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