Abstract
This study demonstrated that antibacterial cellulosic textiles can be fabricated in eco-friendly manner by grafting of monochlorotriazinyl β-cyclodextin (MCT-βCD) onto knitted and woven cotton fabrics followed by post-loading of any of the green active ingredients namely Rosemary oil, Lavender oil, Clove oil, Cinnamon oil, Aloe vera gel, Vanillin, Ag-ions, Natural Yellow 7 and Natural Red 25 dyes into the hydrophobic cavities of grafted β-CD moieties. Some of the grafted, postloaded fabric samples were characterized by FTIR, SEM, and EDS analysis. The enhancement in the imparted antibacterial functionality as well as durability to wash are governed by type of cellulosic substrate, kind chemistry antibacterial activity aswell as extentofinclusion and subsequentreleaseofthehosted bioactive agent. The obtained results revealed that the antibacterial efficacy follows the deceasing orders: i) knitted fabric>woven fabric and ii) Ag-ions>Lavender oil>Natural Yellow 7>Aloe vera>Cinnamon oil>Natural Red 25>Vanillin>Clove oil>Rosemary oil-loaded fabric sample, keeping another parameters constant
Highlights
Plants are unable to escape the hazards of environment in which they grow because of their sessile habit
Present investigation revealed a wide range of suitable habitats for the growth of A. bracteosa and A. parviflora (Figure 2)
We propose that the heterogeneity of the environmental conditions is the main source of phenotypic variation of two Ajuga species
Summary
Plants are unable to escape the hazards of environment in which they grow because of their sessile habit. Many plants undergo variation in one or more morphological characters in response to both abiotic (e.g., climate and weather) and biotic (e.g., grazing and competition) factors of the environment as an adjustment to resource availability. Many plants have smaller leaves at high altitudes [9,10,11] These morphological adaptations are presumably associated with decrease in temperature as well as nutrient and water limitations [10,12]. It may be an adaptive strategy against the hazardous impact of strong wind that normally blows at high altitude, thereby improving photosynthetic activities of plant [8,13]
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