Abstract
In recent years, the Sponge City program (SCP) of China, as a sustainable stormwater management approach, has been strengthened as a national strategic level program. The Green Infrastructure (GI), due to its multi-objective and multi-benefits, has been adopted as an important measure of this new nationwide initiative. However, there is a lack of a comprehensive quantitative evaluation system for neighbourhood scale SCP. Hence, in the process of GI plan optimization, selection of implementation methods to balance its multi-benefits has become one of the key obstacles in the practice of SCP. To support robust decision making on multi-objective GI planning and comprehensive assessment, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) has been used as a structural and systematic technique. In addition, a set of sustainability key performance indicators (KPIs) including requisite dimensions is the foundation for neighbourhood scale sustainability. Hence, AHP-based evaluation system including selection, weighting and ranking of the KPIs, is defined as a key performance indicator framework (KPIF), which is still in need for further development. Taking the GI planning for the Liangnong, Siming Lake sponge node restoration as an example, this paper develops KPIF with a comprehensive evaluation system for high-quality “Sponge Node” transitional construction. This KPIF consists of three basic criteria: “Environmental Performance”, “Economic and Adaptability Performance”, and “Social-cultural Performance and Wellbeing Performance”. In addition, 15 weighted KPIs are concluded and amongst them, the followings were relatively high: weight of the ATRCR, the promotion of biodiversity, the construction cost saving, the maintenance cost saving, and the level of recreational and wellbeing improvements for all people. In addition, the developed KPIF provides a reference for similar program’s decision-making, not only for the Jiangnan area of China, but also for quantitatively comprehensive evaluations of SCP in other regions.
Highlights
IntroductionThe alteration of natural hydrological systems by urbanization patterns is generally translated as various means of: increased runoff rate and volume, decreased groundwater recharge and base flow, and deterioration of water quality in streams, rivers, and shallow groundwater [8] [9]
This study addresses Green Stormwater Infrastructure (GSI) approaches of Nature-based Solutions (NBS) at the neighbourhood scale for Sponge City program (SCP), which are widely used in China, such as Bio-Retention Cells (BC), Rain Gardens (RG), BS, Permeable Pavements (PP), and Green Roofs (GR)
The hierarchy consisted of three main levels with the key performance indicator framework (KPIF): the target level A, the middle level consisting of criterion level B, and the sub-criterion level C consisting of the key performance indicators (KPIs), as well as a layer of KPIs that contained the key sustainability indicators
Summary
The alteration of natural hydrological systems by urbanization patterns is generally translated as various means of: increased runoff rate and volume, decreased groundwater recharge and base flow, and deterioration of water quality in streams, rivers, and shallow groundwater [8] [9]. Such changes result in water environment deterioration, as well as ecological damage that is recorded in various scholarly research [10] [11].
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