Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop new indicators that reflect economic growth by taking into account the impact on the environment and natural resources as well. The indicator calculated by subtracting environmental cost from the “Gross Domestic Product (GDP)” and is used in the assessment of the GDP by taking into consideration the cost of natural resources and the environment, called “green GDP”. This study uses Life Cycle Assessment, which is a technique used to assess the environmental impact of sugar industry from raw materials, distribution, production, and waste management. The system boundary for the life cycle inventory are cultivation, planting, transportation and sugar production. The results of the green GDP and GDP is difference about 6–12% due to the depletion cost resulting from the use of natural resources between 9.0–9.52 $/ton of sugar production and the degradation cost caused by the airborne emission and waterborne emission between 37–57 $/ton of sugar production. The quantity of Total Suspended Particulate (TSP) generated from the sugar production process is the main causing the environmental cost about 55%. In order to solve environmental causes, the policy making as Circular Economy Strategies can be used to meet the sustainable development in the future.
Highlights
The sugar production for domestic consumption and export are become one of the main economic sectors of Thailand and may increase concern on natural resources and climate security
The new novelty of this paper is to evaluate the green gross domestic product (GDP) in the level of industrial sector of “Thailand’s sugar industry” by using the Life Cycle Assessments (LCA)
The green GDP of sugar industry evaluation was developed by the concept of LCA, a powerful technique used to assess the potential environmental impact of a product
Summary
The sugar production for domestic consumption and export are become one of the main economic sectors of Thailand and may increase concern on natural resources and climate security. Of gross domestic product (GDP) in the Food and Beverage sector [1]; this industry is concerned with other sectors such as sugarcane and transportation. It can seem a whole life cycle or supply chain. The country holds a percentage of about 6–7% in the 2016–2020 year of sugar production in the world [2]. It has to keep the position and be concerned about environmental issues
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