Green fabrication of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and their applications in photocatalytic dye degradation and microbial activities

Abstract

The green method of metal oxide synthesis is an alternative to the more time consuming and difficult to consume traditional procedures, as the invention achieves a significant yield with minimal effort. Using this method proposed titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) were made and used to make using different plant extracts and the characterization were analysed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and UV−visible spectroscopy. TiO2 NPs were formed in the anatase phase, according to the XRD investigation, and the TEM confirmed their size of 15–28 nm and spherical morphology. According to scanning electron microscopic investigations, the typical particle size distribution of the individual particles was identified as being in the range of 21 nm. UV–visible spectroscopy proved the optical defects of the TiO2 NPs (2.89 eV, 2.98 eV, and 3.17 eV). FTIR was used to confirm the bio-functionality of flavonoids, M-O interactions, and surface interfaces. By using X-ray spectroscopy, it was shown that the TiO2 samples had an improved nanostructure and a 3:1 ratio of O:Ti components. In this particular study, attention was paid to both the photocatalytic and antimicrobial properties of TiO2 NPs. Producing TiO2 NPs requires efforts to reduce their toxicity in an environmentally responsible manner. When the dye methylene blue (MB), which is a significant water pollutant generated by the textile industry, was exposed to the TiO2 NPs, a high photodegradation efficiency was demonstrated, with photodegradation showing a degradation rate of 87%. According to the results, the Diameter Inhibition Zone (DIZ) possesses the highest level of inhibition against disease-causing microbes. As a consequence of these findings, an environmentally friendly and long-term viable option for water purification has been identified.