Abstract
The recovery of biopolymers from natural resources using eco-friendly extraction technologies that enhance their mechanical properties has gained attention in recent years. In this context, this work deals with the isolation of hybrid carrageenans from Mastocarpus stellatus red seaweed using subcritical water extraction operating in a wide range of thermal conditions (70–190 °C). The extracted biopolymers were analyzed by means of either Fourier-Transform infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, rheological or cell viability assays. In parallel, the fundamental chemical composition of the seaweed used as raw material, as well as the main phytochemical properties of the soluble liquid extracts, were also studied. Results indicated that thermal extraction conditions significantly affected the rheological behavior of the recovered hybrid carrageenans. The hybrid carrageenan extraction yields varied, with results between 10.2 and 30.2% being the highest values obtained at hydrothermal treatment of 130 °C. A wide palette of viscous features was identified for recovered hybrid carrageenans, with the strongest rheology properties observed at the same temperature. It should be remarked that the maximum inhibitory effect was also obtained at 130 °C for both the ovarian carcinoma cell line (A2780) (65%, IC50: 0.31 mg/mL) and lung carcinoma cell line (A549) (59%, IC50: 0.41 mg/mL).
Highlights
Polymers from macroalgae have a great potential in different fields, including pharmaceutical, food or cosmeceutical fields [1,2,3,4,5]
The aim of this work was to produce high valuable compounds, biopolymers as carrageenans with different rheological properties and bioactive compounds such as antioxidants and phenolic compounds using an ecofriendly extraction technology known as pressurized hot water extraction, in the absence of alkali solvents during the extraction process that can modify their rheological profiles
M. stellatus red seaweed was supplied by the enterprise Porto-Muiños (A Coruña, Spain)
Summary
Polymers from macroalgae have a great potential in different fields, including pharmaceutical, food or cosmeceutical fields [1,2,3,4,5]. The classification is based on the pigmentation, and other compounds such as polysaccharides are found in the cell wall of seaweed. In this context, the main polymer of green seaweeds (Chlorophyta) is ulvan, the main polymer of red seaweeds (Rhodophyta) is carrageenan and and the main polymer of brown seaweeds (Phaeophyceae) is fucoidan [6]. Sulfate ester groups were found in their structure, one for kappa-, two for iota- and three for lambda-carrageenans. The viscous and elastic properties of these polymers have a rheological behavior, which is potentially of interest for different industries; kappa- and iota- have gelling properties while lambda-carrageenan has thickening properties [7]. Different parameters associated with the origin, harvesting season, sea temperature and other factors can influence the composition and, as a result, the features and behavior of the carrageenans [8]
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