Abstract
"Green" electronics represents not only a novel scientific term but also an emerging area of research aimed at identifying compounds of natural origin and establishing economically efficient routes for the production of synthetic materials that have applicability in environmentally safe (biodegradable) and/or biocompatible devices. The ultimate goal of this research is to create paths for the production of human- and environmentally friendly electronics in general and the integration of such electronic circuits with living tissue in particular. Researching into the emerging class of "green" electronics may help fulfill not only the original promise of organic electronics that is to deliver low-cost and energy efficient materials and devices but also achieve unimaginable functionalities for electronics, for example benign integration into life and environment. This Review will highlight recent research advancements in this emerging group of materials and their integration in unconventional organic electronic devices.
Highlights
1.1 Introduction and sustainability vision We live engulfed in a world of electronics where it becomes increasingly difficult to imagine a single day without the a Joanneum Research Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Franz-Pichler Straße Nr. 30, 8160
For example many benign dyes and pigments commonly employed in textile, cosmetic, and food coloring industries are produced through industrially attractive, low cost-high throughput synthesis; in many cases their production involves and generates environmentally unfriendly by-products and waste
Many new ideas and concepts for the application of organic materials have emerged with the goal of matching or even surpassing the performance of inorganic-based electronics: examples include (i) pushing the upper limit of organic photovoltaic (OPVs) efficiency to 20% or more; (ii) fabrication of novel organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) from band-gap engineered materials; (iii) fabrication of high performance organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) and integrated circuits from high performance active layer materials and (iv) integrating active electronic components with living tissue
Summary
1.1 Introduction and sustainability vision We live engulfed in a world of electronics where it becomes increasingly difficult to imagine a single day without the a Joanneum Research Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Franz-Pichler Straße Nr. 30, 8160 Weiz, Austria. For example many benign dyes and pigments commonly employed in textile, cosmetic, and food coloring industries are produced through industrially attractive, low cost-high throughput synthesis; in many cases their production involves and generates environmentally unfriendly by-products and waste In their quest to achieve electronics sustainability by solving the above-mentioned energy deficiency puzzle and redressing the unfolding environmental disaster, scientists are often inspired both by the apparent simplicity and by the true complexity of nature. The last ten years have witnessed a series of milestone contributions, which inspired researchers to build up entirely new research directions by applying natural or nature inspired biodegradable or biocompatible organic materials in situations where highly rigid inorganic materials fail The intention of this Review Article is to highlight novel materials and device architectures clustered under the umbrella of ‘‘green electronics’’ and to expose pathways to be followed by materials designers and synthetic chemists that can lead to the development of high performance devices and set up for a sustainable organic electronics future. The author apologizes for any inadvertent omission of any research group and their activity in this exciting field
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