Green chemistry approaches towards the design and synthesis of anti-infective fluoroquinolone derivatives

Abstract

Fluoroquinolones are of pivotal interest for scientists because of their excellent pharmacological and pharmacokinetic profiles. They have a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity and show several promising features such as, greater bioavailability, admirable tissue penetration and comparatively lower incidence of antagonistic and lethal effects. These have made the compounds highly desirable to combat several infectious diseases. Various synthetic conventions have been established to hasten the fluoroquinolone’s amination rate and to improve yield. Such methods have significant disadvantages including, costly reagents, usage of vast quantities of harmful solvents, excessive heat and sideways reactions. These drawbacks aren’t appropriate in current pharmaceutical market. Hence, it is highly desirable to develop a newer green and more efficient process for fluoroquinolones synthesis. Green chemistry methodology endeavours to achieve sustainability at the molecular level. The field of green chemistry has shown how chemists can design next-generation products and processes to make them more cost-effective while being virtuous for human health and the environment. This graphical review demonstrates the current developments in the synthesis of fluoroquinolones employing the principles of green chemistry by using the novel, recyclable and environmental-friendly catalysts and solvents.