Abstract
Phenolic resin and waste cotton fiber were investigated as green precursors for the successful synthesis using a soft template approach of a composite carbon with carbon nanofibers embedded in a porous carbon network with ordered and periodically pore structure. The optimal composite carbon (PhR/NC-1), exhibited a specific surface area of 394 m2∙g−1 with the existence of both microporosity and mesoporosity. PhR/NC-1 carbon was evaluated as an adsorbent of Alizarin Red S (ARS) dye in batch solution. Various operating conditions were examined and the maximum adsorption capacity of 104 mg∙g−1 was achieved under the following conditions, i.e., T = 25 °C, pH = 3, contact time = 1440 min. The adsorption and desorption heat was assessed by flow micro-calorimetry (FMC), and the presence of both exothermic and endothermic peaks with different intensity was evidenced, meaning a partially reversible nature of ARS adsorption. A pseudo-second-order model proved to be the most suitable kinetic model to describe the ARS adsorption according to the linear regression factor. In addition, the best isotherm equilibrium has been achieved with a Freundlich model. The results show that the eco-friendly composite carbon derived from green phenolic resin mixed with waste cotton fibers improves the removal of ARS dye from textile effluents.
Highlights
Industrial activity development is usually accompanied by pollution concerns [1,2].This pollution is currently a major threat, negatively affecting human life and the environment [3].Wastewater constitutes a major part of industrial waste [4,5] and textile effluents are considered some of the major polluting aqueous effluents due to their content of significant amounts of toxic dyes and auxiliary chemicals [6]
When the precursor was the mix of cotton fibers and phenolic resin the surface structure of the obtained carbon composite changed
The release of Results heat of Alizarin Red S (ARS) adsorption is reported in Figure 7 for NC and phenolic resin (PhR)/NC-1
Summary
Industrial activity development is usually accompanied by pollution concerns [1,2].This pollution is currently a major threat, negatively affecting human life and the environment [3].Wastewater constitutes a major part of industrial waste [4,5] and textile effluents are considered some of the major polluting aqueous effluents due to their content of significant amounts of toxic dyes and auxiliary chemicals [6]. Industrial activity development is usually accompanied by pollution concerns [1,2]. Biological methods are extensively applied in the textile industry [10] owing to their benefits such as low cost and ecofriendly concept, these treatments do not always meet the objectives due to the non-biodegradability of a wide range of textile dyes [11]. Chemical treatments are the most widely used in the decolorization of textile effluents owing to its ease of application [12,13]. These methods are usually applied at high pH values using
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