Abstract
Bioactive nanocomposites were constructed, containing chitosan (Cht), extracted from shrimps’ wastes, and transformed into nanoparticles (NPs) using ionic-gelation. Selenium NPs (Se-NPs) were phytosynthesized using cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) bark extract (CIE), characterized and evaluated with Cht-NPs as antimicrobial composites against bacterial food-borne pathogens “Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes” and as potential edible coating (EC) basements. The CIE-phytosynthesized Se-NPs had well-distributed and spherical shapes with 23.2 nm mean diameter. The CIE, CIE/Se-NPs, and innovative CIE/Se/Cht-NP composites exhibited distinguished antibacterial actions toward the entire screened pathogens; CIE/Se/Cht-NP composite was significantly the most potent. The formulated ECs from CIE/Se/Cht-NP nanocomposites had matching antibacterial manner, which was strengthened with CIE/Se-NP percentage increments. Scanning micrographs indicated the attachment of CIE/Se-NPs to bacterial cells to cause their complete lysis and death after 10 h of exposure. CIE/Se/Cht-NP composites are proposed as effectual control agents toward food-borne pathogens using efficient biological carriers and eco-friendly phytosynthesis protocol.
Highlights
Chitosan (Cht) is a derivative polysaccharide from deacetylated chitin (Ct), which is the principal constituent of crustacean exoskeleton [1]
Selenium NPs (Se-NPs) synthesis via different protocols was extensively investigated for their potential bio-applications [15, 18]
Se-NP Phytosynthesis. e bioreduction of Na2SeO3 to Se-NPs was accomplished via cinnamon extract (CIE), as visually evinced by color changes of NP solution from whitish-yellow to brownish-orange (Figure 1). e optimal concentration from CIE to generate Se-NPs was 1.0%, followed by 1.5% and 0.5%, respectively, as noticed from the colors deepness of the phytosynthesized Se-NPs. e development of brownishorange color deepness was observed for all treatments with incubation prolongation, no additional color changings were observed after 4 h of incubation at 25°C
Summary
Chitosan (Cht) is a derivative polysaccharide from deacetylated chitin (Ct), which is the principal constituent of crustacean exoskeleton [1]. Cht has reported antimicrobial potentialities toward various microorganisms, e.g., bacteria, fungi, and yeast [3,4,5], with suggested higher activity against Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative species [1]. Cht is an extraordinary costeffective biopolymer with numerous biological and environmental advantages, e.g., its elevated biocompatibility, biodegradability, bioactivity, and biosafety attributes, which advocate wide applications, Cht and their nanoparticles (NPs), in biomedical, nutritional, environmental, and therapeutic aspects [6,7,8]. E polymer NP formation, e.g., Cht-NPs, was proved to augment the biopolymer bioactivities Selenium (Se), the vital element in biological bodies (as antioxidative and prooxidative agent) has vast significance in nutrition and medicine [13], with narrow ranges between toxic levels and dietary deficiency (400 μg and 40 μg/day, respectively). Se-NP synthesis via different protocols was extensively investigated for their potential bio-applications [15, 18]
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