Abstract
Developing the ideal biomaterials for wound dressing still remains challenging nowadays due to the non-biodegradable features and the lack of antimicrobial activity of conventional synthetic polymer-based dressing materials. To tackle those problems, a novel and green-based antimicrobial hydrogel dressing was synthesized in this work via modifying sugarcane bagasse cellulose with guanidine-based polymer, followed by crosslinking antimicrobial-modified cellulose with unmodified one at various ratios. The resulting hydrogels were comprehensively characterized with swelling measurements, compression test, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated that the dressing possessed the degree of swelling up to 2000% and the compress strength as high as 31.39 Kpa, at 8:2 ratio of pristine cellulose to modified cellulose. The antibacterial activities of the dressing against E. coli were assessed using both shaking flask and ring diffusion methods. The results demonstrated that the dressings were highly effective in deactivating bacterium without leaching effect. Moreover, these hydrogels are biocompatible with live cell viability responses of (NIH3T3) cells above 76% and are very promising as wound dressing.
Highlights
As the natural barrier on the surface of human body, skin plays a vital role in participating in metabolic processes, in regulating body temperature, and in protecting various tissues and organs in the body from being attacked by physical, mechanical, chemical actions, and pathogenic microorganisms [1,2]
The results demonstrated that the dressing consisting of antimicrobial-modified cellulose hydrogel possesses high swelling, excellent antibacterial activity, and is promising for various medical treatments such as wound healing and the repair of damaged tissue
The resulting hydrogels with degree of swelling up to 2000% exhibited durable mechanical strength and high antimicrobial activity against E. coli
Summary
As the natural barrier on the surface of human body, skin plays a vital role in participating in metabolic processes, in regulating body temperature, and in protecting various tissues and organs in the body from being attacked by physical, mechanical, chemical actions, and pathogenic microorganisms [1,2]. As one of the natural biocompatible polysaccharides, cellulose is a sustainable, nontoxic and most abundant natural polymer with good biocompatibility, hydrophilicity, relatively high thermo-stability, high sorption capacity, and cost-effectiveness [22,23] These properties make cellulose an excellent natural source for the production of hydrogels and composites for various biomedical applications, including wound dressing, drug delivery, and tissue engineering [24,25,26]. The covalent bonding induced by crosslinking eliminates the problems associated with leaching and migration of antimicrobial polymer, which is often encountered in the systems by adding the antibacterial agent to the dressing via blending or impregnating. The results demonstrated that the dressing consisting of antimicrobial-modified cellulose hydrogel possesses high swelling, excellent antibacterial activity, and is promising for various medical treatments such as wound healing and the repair of damaged tissue
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