Green Approach for Synthesizing Three Different Carbon Microstructures from a Single Biowaste Bombax malabaricum for Fully Biocompatible Flexible Supercapacitors and Their Performance in Various Electrolytes

Abstract

The scalable design and inexpensive synthesis of high-surface-area conductive porous carbon electrode materials for high-performance supercapacitors have found extensive interest. Typically, the inherent structure and composition of the biomass or biowaste influence the final structural and morphological properties of carbon nanomaterials. To investigate the influence of internal microstructure on the final products and their effect on electrochemical performance, herein, for the first time, we demonstrated a facile approach for the synthesis of three unique microstructures. N-doped two-dimensional wrinkled few-layered porous graphene nanosheets (N-HGNSs), three-dimensional honeycomb-like porous carbon (N-HPC), and carbon microflakes (N-CMF) are synthesized from three different parts of a single biowaste material, Bombax malabaricum. N-HGNS, N-HPC, and N-CMF electrode materials exhibit high specific capacitance (Cp) values of 523, 458, and 363 F g–1, respectively, at a high current density of 1.5 A g–1 in...