Abstract
In the last decade, researchers paid great attention to the concept of “Green Chemistry”, which aims at development of efficient methods for the synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) in terms of the least possible impact on human life and environment. Generally, several reagents including precursors, reducing agents, stabilizing agents and solvents are used for the production of NPs and in some cases, energy is needed to reach the optimum temperature for reduction. Therefore, to develop a green approach, researchers had the opportunity to investigate eco-friendly reagents and new energy transfer techniques. In order to substitute the harmful reagents with green ones, researchers worked on different types of saccharides, polyols, carboxylic acids, polyoxometalates and extracts of various plants that can play the role of reducers, stabilizers or solvents. Also, there are some reports on using ultraviolet (UV), gamma and microwave irradiation that are capable of reducing and provide uniform heating. According to the literature, it is possible to use green reagents and novel energy transfer techniques for production of NPs. However, these new synthesis routes should be optimized in terms of performance, cost, product quality (shape and size distribution) and scale-up capability. This paper presents a review on most of the employed green reagents and new energy transfer techniques for the production of metallic NPs.
Highlights
Nanoscience and nanotechnology are defined in several ways
The polydispersed NPs were spherical, and their sizes ranged from 5 to 40 nm with an average size of 18 nm. Their FTIR study showed that the carboxyl, hydroxyl, and amine groups in the both leaf extracts are accountable for the reduction of Ag+ ions to Ag NPs and the protein portion of leaf extract can play the role of both reducing agent and stabilizer for Ag NPs [45]
Green Chemistry is aimed to ensure that scientists would consider the health of the whole planet as a design criterion for manufacturing of different products
Summary
Nanoscience and nanotechnology are defined in several ways. According to the strictest definition, nanotechnology is the production or use of materials and structures so that at least one of their dimensions is in the range of 1–100 nm [1,2,3]. They found that the extract of Magnolia kobus was the best reducing agent for synthesis of Ag NPs. They observed that for Magnolia Kobus, the final conversions were 60 and 100% at 25 and 55 °C, respectively, and the average particle size ranged from 15 to 500 nm [7].
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
