Abstract
Global international project of the 70-80-s of the XVIII century envisaging a new distribution of Europe based on the areas of the Ottoman Empire is reviewed in the article. This topic acquires a final feature in a conceptual form in the correspondence between Catherine II and the Emperor of Austria and the Holy Roman Empire Josephus II under the name of "Greek Project". The article is a scientific fragment of a monograph, reviewing the Greek Project in regard of the Caucasus for the first time in historiography. Initially, Soviet historiography strictly separated itself from the Greek Project, since the objective research of the latter would ensure presenting the Russian Empire as an aggressive state. Afterwards, the research of this project was converted into a narrow political framework and presented as a plan to conquer Crimea. The Greek Project can be unequivocally considered as a key to the history of Georgia of 50-80-ies of the XVIII century. A number of studies have shown that numerous problematic questions remain unanswered until the present day without considering the Greek Project. Patience and tolerance shown by the King of Kartli - Kakheti Erekle II towards the Russian intrigues cannot be explained without the Greek Project. Georgia acquires qualitatively different and desired form of all time through the implementation of the Greek Project. The Greek Project is an attempt to create a Christian global political model, a political background that can serve as a precondition for the restoration of a real united Caucasian Home, ensuring a guarantee of irreversible development and security for all royal principalities and khanate in the Caucasus. This is the reason, the state oriented thinker Erekle II, avoids responding with aggression to the permanent intrigues of Russia. Erekle II tries to get involved in this great political game as a sovereign of a full-fledged political entity. Such attitude of Erekle is a guarantee of success for the Imperial Court of St. Petersburg. However, Russia chooses a completely different way - confronting Erekle's benevolent alliance with hostile, imperial sentiments. The main message of these sentiments is that a united Caucasus, independent Georgian kingdoms for Russia is considered to be an anti-Russian phenomenon. This consistent and hostile attitude towards the Caucasus became the reason for the failure of Russian policy - it could neither establish a model of Christian globalization nor neutralize the Ottomans. Therefore, the study and understanding of the referred problem is rather important to determine the directions and priorities of modern political processes.
Highlights
Second half of the XVIII century stands for a landmark in the History of Georgia
All issues related to the neutralization of the Ottoman Empire and the redistribution of its territories were extremely important for Georgia
Our research process conducted for many years, revealed that all problems existing in the History of Georgia of 50-90-ies of XVIII Century are organically bound to the Greek Project
Summary
Second half of the XVIII century stands for a landmark in the History of Georgia. The processes of the Russian occupation in Georgia starts from the referred period of time. Our research process conducted for many years, revealed that all problems existing in the History of Georgia of 50-90-ies of XVIII Century are organically bound to the Greek Project This Russian-Austrian project anticipated the creation of a unified Christian global space alongside with the neutralization of the Ottoman Empire. The anti-Ottoman movement, acquiring an orderly, consistent character in the form of the Greek Project, became especially important in terms of strengthening the Georgian state, and in terms of its rise to a new qualitative reality This became clear in the 1970s, when Kartli-Kakheti state became dominant in the Caucasus, that was considered as a precondition for the restoration of a unified Caucasian political community [Kvitsiani 2017:145-155]. Petersburg, he has daily contacts with the backstage considering the statehood of Georgian royal principalities as an anti-Russian event
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