Abstract
Greek higher education has been facing challenges since well before the current economic crisis. Most importantly, it has been suffering from over-centralization and the infiltration of party politics into most aspects of university life. The current economic crisis provided an opportunity for much needed reforms, but the Greek governments of the past five years failed to provide a convincing long-term plan for modernizing higher education. As a result, reforms were opposed to and eventually abandoned, leaving the Greek universities in their problematic prior state.
Highlights
Like Indonesia, the Philippines has used visits by prominent clerics, including from Egypt, recently at Mindanao State University
Their visits paralleled a firefight between government military and the BIFF, which forced thousands of villagers to flee
Support has come from clerics in the form of a nationwide fatwa declaring that the call of jihad and martyrdom by Islamic State is un-Islamic
Summary
Islamic extremism in the Philippines can be partly traced back to effects of the Afghan war, during which hundreds of Muslim Filipinos, travelled to Pakistan and Afghanistan to join the mujaheddin It is not clear how many may have been students. Rejection rates fell from 28 percent in 2012, and 24 percent in 2012, to only 3 percent in 2013 Despite these efforts, a captured Hamas terrorist recently revealed that the organization is actively recruiting young Palestinians studying in Malaysia. A solid foundation in what it means to be a good Muslim, as well as acceptance of Muslims within the wider society (in the case of Thailand and the Philippines), is needed to counter the attractions of groups such as Islamic State within the region’s universities. If universities are sources of ideas, there is a need to harness this energy to research the phenomenon more fully, work with communities to promulgate a moderate Muslim message of peace and understanding, and promote a more inclusive form of democracy—which can undoubted weaken the appeal of extremism, to impressionable young university students
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