Greek Basidiomycete Wild Strains for the Production of Bioactive Compounds and Enzymes with Applications in Cosmetic and Biocatalysis Industries

Evangelos Topakas,Nikolaos Tsafantakis,Anastasia Zerva

doi:10.3390/eccs2020-07561

Abstract

White-rot basidiomycetes are the only microorganisms with the ability to produce both hydrolytic (cellulases and hemicellulases) and oxidative (ligninolytic) enzymes for attacking cellulose/hemicellulose and lignin, while they are also capable of degrading (oxidizing) a wide range of aromatic or toxic compounds. In addition, they produce secondary metabolites with important applications in the cosmetics industry. In the present work, three wild indigenous strains of Basidiomycete fungi (Pleurotus citrinopileatus, Abortiporus biennis and Ganoderma lucidum) were grown in different cultivation media (basal media and agroindustrial residues, such as olive oil mill wastewater, and corn cob). The cultures were examined in regard to the production of biotechnologically relevant enzymes and bioactive compounds. All strains were found to be preferential lignin degraders, in agreement with most known white-rot fungi. Bioinformatic analyses were performed on the proteome of the strains P. citrinopileatus and A. biennis, focusing on CAZymes with biotechnological relevance, and the results were compared with the data from the enzyme activities in the culture supernatants. In terms of secondary metabolism, compounds production and bioactivity of the extracts have been evaluated in relation to the different types of culture media. Principal components analysis (PCA) and volcano plots were generated based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography - high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) data to reveal significant variations in bioactive compounds amongst the extracellular fluids and fungal biomasses of pilot cultures. Overall, all three Basidiomycete strains were shown to be potent producers of secondary metabolites, but also of oxidative enzymes of special interest for biomass conversion applications.

Highlights

White-rot basidiomycetes are the only microorganisms producing hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes for attacking both cellulose/hemicellulose and lignin
Apart from ligninolytic enzymes, white-rot fungi secrete cellulases, xylanases and other hemicellulases. These enzymes act on long-chain polysaccharides, mainly cellulose and hemicellulose, resulting in the hydrolysis of these materials to
The use of OMWW as carbon source sligtly descreased the anti-tyrosinase potential of G. resinaceum and of A. biennis, while for P. citrinopileatus resulted in the complete loss of bioactivity (Table 1)

Summary

Introduction

White-rot basidiomycetes are the only microorganisms producing hydrolytic (cellulases and hemicellulases) and oxidative (ligninolytic) enzymes for attacking both cellulose/hemicellulose and lignin. They produce secondary metabolites with important applications in the cosmetics industry. Certain white-rot basidiomycetes in particular, are able to degrade lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose concomitantly, while others attack lignin selectively by secreting enzymes, collectively named “ligninases” [2]. Apart from ligninolytic enzymes, white-rot fungi secrete cellulases, xylanases and other hemicellulases. These enzymes act on long-chain polysaccharides, mainly cellulose and hemicellulose, resulting in the hydrolysis of these materials to

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Conclusion