'Greece is Like a Door, You Go Through it to Get to Europe': Understanding Afghan Migration to Greece

Abstract

How do migration control policies affect the plans and actions of prospective (and actual) irregular migrants? And why some policies are more successful than others? These are the central questions addressed by the IRMA research project (The Governance of Irregular Migration: States, Actors and Intermediaries), that the present report attempts to answer in relation to Afghan migration to Greece. By outlining the factors, actors and policies we hope to acquire a better understanding of the interaction between policies and their intended recipients; in this case Afghan irregular migrants. The main issues highlighted in the report are the role of asylum as primary reason for migration, and the importance of capital as the main parameter of successful migration. The smuggler is the key actor underscoring all discussions, holding multiple roles; from facilitator of mobility, to source of information, or disruptor to the migratory project. The choice of destination and the limited information informants actually have, are discussed, as well as the role of Turkey as a hub for collection of information, but mostly of money to continue the journey. The border crossing for both entry and exit is discussed in relation to policies in Greece and particular border fencing and increased deterrence of entry. Finally, the text highlights the issue of detention, as the key policy in place at the time of writing that appears to have impacted heavily both the migratory route but also the decision of Afghans to leave Greece, either via transit (where possible) or via return to Afghanistan.