Abstract
GREB1L is a protein-coding gene that is an important paralog of GREB1. However, its effects in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) have not been determined. Thus, we evaluated the prognostic value of GREB1L in LUAD using bioinformatics approaches. In particular, we evaluated the relationship between GREB1L and LUAD using a wide range of databases and analysis tools, including TCGA, GEO, HPA, TIMER, cBioPortal, and MethSurv. Compared with its expression in normal lung tissues, GREB1L expression was significantly increased in LUAD tissues. A univariate Cox analysis showed that high GREB1L expression levels were correlated with a poor OS in LUAD. Additionally, GREB1L expression was independently associated with OS through a multivariate Cox analysis. GSEA analysis revealed enrichment in cell cycle, immune regulation, and methylation. Moreover, high GREB1L expression was associated with poor survival. We also found that the methylation and genetic alteration level was associated with prognosis in patients with LUAD. Finally, an analysis of immune infiltration showed that GREB1L is correlated with immune cell infiltration, PD-1, and PD-L1. In summary, these results indicate that GREB1L is a potential molecular marker for poor prognosis in LUAD and provide additional insight for the development of therapies and prognostic markers.
Highlights
GREB1L is a protein-coding gene that is an important paralog of GREB1
The results showed that GREB1L was overexpressed in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) tissues than in normal tissues (p < 0.001) (Fig. 1A)
The expression of GREB1L was low in normal lung tissues, while median protein expression of GREB1L was observed in LUAD tissues (Fig. 1D,E)
Summary
GREB1L is a protein-coding gene that is an important paralog of GREB1. its effects in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) have not been determined. A univariate Cox analysis showed that high GREB1L expression levels were correlated with a poor OS in LUAD. An analysis of immune infiltration showed that GREB1L is correlated with immune cell infiltration, PD-1, and PD-L1 These results indicate that GREB1L is a potential molecular marker for poor prognosis in LUAD and provide additional insight for the development of therapies and prognostic markers. A study confirmed that the methylation level of GREB1L is related to immune response and cytolysis in gastric adenocarcinoma, suggesting that it may be a new prediction and prognostic biomarker that aids in the therapy and predicts the overall survival possibility in patients with gastric a denocarcinoma[11]. We synthetically evaluated the prognostic value of GREB1L expression in patients with LUAD from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Clinical characteristics Gender Male Female Age ≤ 65 years old > 65 years old Number pack years smoked < 40 ≥ 40 T stage T1 T2 T3 T4 N stage N0 N1 N2 N3 M stage M0 M1 TNM stage Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Vital status Dead Alive GREB1L expression Low High
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