Abstract
Limited research exists comparing sex differences in muscular power. The primary purpose of this research was to determine if differences exist in power and velocity in the conventional deadlift (CDL). A secondary purpose was to examine the relationship among power, velocity, strength, and fat free mass (FFM). Eighteen strength trained athletes with ≥1 year CDL experience (women: n = 9, 29 ± 2 years, 162.3 ± 1.8 cm, 62 ± 2.4 kg, 23.3 ± 3.2 % body fat (%BF); men: n = 9, 29 ± 3 years, 175.6 ± 1.8 cm, 85.5 ± 1.4 kg, 14.8 ± 2.4 %BF), and ≥1.5 one repetition maximum (1-RM) CDL: body mass (BM) ratio (women: 1.6 ± 0.1 1-RM CDL: BM; men: 2.3 ± 0.1 1-RM CDL: BM), performed baseline (body composition, 1-RM CDL) and experimental sessions, in which velocity and power were measured at 30%, 60%, and 90% 1-RM. Repeated measures ANOVA and bivariate correlations were conducted. Men produced higher absolute average and peak power across all loads, but higher average velocity at only 30% 1-RM. When normalized to FFM, men produced higher peak and average power; however, women produced higher peak and average velocities across all loads. FFM and 1-RM were correlated with power. Greater power observed in men is driven by larger muscle mass, which contributes to greater strength.
Highlights
The ability to generate high power output is a necessary aspect of sport performance [1]
A significant load by sex interaction was observed in peak power (p = 0.016), average (p = 0.002), and peak (p = 0.001) velocity
Average velocity declined with the increase in load in both men and women with a higher average velocity observed at 30% 1-RM in men (p < 0.001; ES = 2.16, Large)
Summary
The ability to generate high power output is a necessary aspect of sport performance [1]. A mixed model approach to power training incorporates exercises performed with low loads at high velocities and high loads at low velocities, thereby affecting a greater portion of the force-velocity relationship compared to a one-dimensional approach in which a smaller portion of the curve is affected [3]. In theory, this approach to training would promote more favorable neuromuscular adaptations with the focus of maximizing an athlete’s power generating capabilities across a broader range of external loads or intensities. Haff and Nimphius [3] reviewed previous strategies that were employed in the design of a mixed model approach to power training, each demonstrating improvement above a one-dimensional approach in men subjects [5,6,7]
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