Abstract

The Great Green Macaw (Ara ambiguus) is one of the largest New World parrots and is considered endangered with extinction. Their precarious decline in western Ecuador has been attributed to food scarcity, among other pressures. To understand the effects of food abundance on macaw behavior, phenological patterns of a community of food plants were documented in a dry tropical forest in southwest Ecuador from June 1999 to May 2000. Edible biomass was estimated weekly for 100 trees representing 10 species of macaw food plants. Simultaneously, we conducted a census of macaws. Of the plants studied, little food was produced during nearly 4 consecutive months (February–May). Food availability was unrelated to macaw abundance, but was positively correlated with the amount of time macaws spent in the study area. One plant species (Cynometra bauhiniifolia) produced more food than nine other species combined and was responsible for the correlation. Additional study of macaws foraging on C. bauhiniifolia and other plant species is needed, with special attention paid to those species with both large crops and large seeds. Although the diet of Great Green Macaws remains poorly known, our study illustrates the potential importance of quantifying differences in food production by plant species consumed by threatened granivores. SINOPSIS El Guacamayo Verde Mayor (Ara ambiguus) es un de los loros mas grande del Nuevo Mundo y es considerado amenazada on la extincion. Su declinacion ha sido abrupta en el Occidente del Ecuador y atribuido a la escasez de alimento, entre otras presiones. Para entender los efectos de la abundancia de comida en relacion al comportamiento de los guacamayos, documentamos los patrones fenologicos de un grupo de arboles en un bosque seco tropical en el suroeste del Ecuador entre Junio 1999 y Mayo 2000. Nosotros estimamos la oferta de biomasa comestible cada semana en 100 arboles pertenecentes a 10 diferentes especies. Simultaneamente, un monitoreo de los guacamayos fue realizado. De las plantas que estudiamos, poca comida fue producida durante casi cuatro meses consecutivos. La disponibilidad de alimento no fue relacionada con la abundancia de los guacamayos, pero si fue positivamente correlacionada con el tiempo que los guacamayos pasaron en el sitio. Una especie (Cynometra bauhiniifolia) produjo mas comida que las otras nueve especies combinadas y fue la responsable de la correlacion. Se carece de estudios adicionales de los guacamayos forrajeando la C. bauhiniifolia y otras especies de plantas, con atencion especial a aquellos especies que combinan cantidades importantes de semillas con un tamano individual grande. Aunque la dieta de esta poblacion de guacamayos es aun escasamente conocida, nuestro estudio ilustra la importancia potencial de cuantificar la produccion de comida de especies consumidas por las granivoras amenazadas.

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