Abstract
Neuroimaging studies have consistently identified brain activation in the motor area and the cerebellum during chewing. In this study, we further investigated the structural and functional brain signature associated with masticatory performance, which is a widely used index for evaluating overall masticatory function in the elderly. Twenty-five healthy elderly participants underwent oral examinations, masticatory performance tests, and behavioral assessments, including the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument and the short-form Geriatric Depression Scale. Masticatory performance was assessed with the validated colorimetric method, using color-changeable chewing gum. T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and resting-state function MRI were performed. We analyzed alterations in gray matter volume (GMV) using voxel-based morphometry and resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) between brain regions using the seed-based method. The structural and functional MRI analyses revealed the following findings: (1) the GMV change in the premotor cortex was positively correlated with masticatory performance. (2) The rsFC between the cerebellum and the premotor cortex was positively correlated with masticatory performance. (3) The GMV changes in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), as well as the rsFC between the cerebellum and the DLPFC, were positively correlated with masticatory performance. The findings showed that in the premotor cortex, a reduction of GMV and rsFC would reflect declined masticatory performance. The positive correlation between DLPFC connectivity and masticatory performance implies that masticatory ability is associated with cognitive function in the elderly. Our findings highlighted the role of the central nervous system in masticatory performance and increased our understanding of the structural and functional brain signature underlying individual variations in masticatory performance in the elderly.
Highlights
Masticatory performance is a widely used objective measure of the clinical ability for food comminution (The Academy of Prosthodontics, 2005)
The findings showed that the resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) between the premotor cortex and the cerebellum was positively correlated with the masticatory performance index (MPI)
The studies have shown the activity-evoked pattern of brain activity. Our study extends this scope by providing novel evidence on the intrinsic brain signatures, i.e., the individual structural and functional difference, underlying the individual variation in masticatory performance, which is a critical index for evaluating oral function in the elderly
Summary
Masticatory performance is a widely used objective measure of the clinical ability for food comminution (The Academy of Prosthodontics, 2005). It indexes the overall conditions of mastication, including the number of functional teeth, the maximal bite force, and the saliva flow rate (Ikebe et al, 2011). Declined masticatory performance has been associated with aging oral conditions (Hatch et al, 2001) and subjective dissatisfaction about masticatory function (Ikebe et al, 2007b). In the elderly, declined masticatory performance may be associated with changes in brain structure and/or function. The intrinsic brain signature of masticatory performance in the elderly has been unclear
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