Abstract
Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity has passed a rigorous test on the scale of galaxy clusters. But the test does not rule out a popular alternative model of gravity. See Letter p.567 Testing general relativity on the large scales of the Universe remains a fundamental challenge to modern cosmology. The theoretical framework of cosmology is defined by gravity, for which general relativity is the current model. Wojtak et al. now show that a classical test of general relativity — the gravitational redshift experienced by photons propagating outwards from a gravitational potential well — provides a direct means of testing gravity on scales of several megaparsecs, independent of cosmology. Their observations of the gravitational redshift of light coming from galaxies in clusters at the 99% confidence level agree with the predictions of general relativity, and are inconsistent with alternative models designed to avoid the presence of dark matter.
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