Abstract
The anomalous increase of the astronomical unit, the mysterious secular increase of the lunar eccentricity and the flyby anomaly are important issues of modern astronomy. This study aims to determine the effect of earthquakes on the origin of these anomalies. Based on conventional physics, we found the existence of earthquake-induced gravitational weakening within the earth-moon-sun system and beyond. New equations of gravitation, including time dilation, are introduced that can explain the anomalous increase of the astronomical unit and the lunar orbit. A modified equation that includes the effect of massive quakes also explains the anomalous increase of the lunar eccentricity. Furthermore, the results of the present study can explain the flyby and Pioneer anomalies experienced by spacecraft during gravity assisted maneuvers. A modification of the 3rd Law of Kepler is also presented. Implications on the elliptic orbit of the earth, its reduced velocity and the occurrence of leap years are also discussed. Using the seismic-induced gravitational weakening model, probable trigger mechanisms of the faint young sun paradox and the Allais effect are also presented. An estimate of the age of the earth based on the observed values of the Hubble parameter and the USGS earthquake data for the past century is also presented. A new model of the seismic-driven expanding universe and a new equation to determine the expansion rate of galaxies and the universe is also proposed. The sudden earth’s retreat due to gravitational weakening and its implication on anomalous astronomical refraction and flight risk at night especially near the equatorial region, and its effect on the abrupt satellite orbital decay, spin and drift are also discussed. This study may also shed light on the occurrence of sinkholes and massive landslides. Finally, this study proposes a new equation that can explain the observed changes in the fine structure constant.
Highlights
For the past century, astrophysicists have recorded several anomalies from actual observations of the earth-moon system and neighboring planets and their natural satellites
This rate of increase has not been fully understood and popular theories cannot explain its origin. We propose that this is caused by an astro-geological process - the self-propelled motion of the earth itself during massive quakes
The physical basis of this can be found in Rivera (2011) in which the total seismic-generated collision force Ft is given by the sum of the hydrostatic pressure-force and the quake-generated lateral collision force, i.e
Summary
Astrophysicists have recorded several anomalies from actual observations of the earth-moon system and neighboring planets and their natural satellites. Observations show that some celestial objects, the earth’s moon, had been strangely moving away combined with an anomalous increase in the eccentricity of its elliptic orbit (Iorio, 2011). The astronomical unit (AU), which is the most accurately observed astrometric quantity, is known to be anomalously increasing by a few cm/year (Krasinsky & Brumberg, 2004; Anderson & Nieto, 2010; Iorio, 2011; Miura et al, 2013; Acedo, 2014). Using historical eclipse records, the lunar orbit was confirmed to be increasing by about 2.82 ± .08cm/yr (Riofrio, 2012). It was proposed that these astrophysical anomalies may have some cosmological origin or may call upon new physical driving mechanisms not taken into account by traditional Newtonian physics and General Relativity (Acedo, 2017)
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